* Harper's Weekly 150 cartoons on elections 1860-1912 ; Reconstruction topics ; Chinese exclusion ; plus American Political Prints from the Library of Congress, 1766 – 1876

* William Combe begins publication of the verse Tour of Dr Syntax in search of the Picturesque in Ackermann's Political Magazine ( London ), illustrated with cartoons by Thomas Rowlandson, depicting comic and ridiculous scenes involving a hapless country physician and coming to represent British Regency humour.

Political cartoonists of the day often portrayed the tight waist-cinching of soldiers to comedic effect, and some cartoons survive showing officers being corseted by their inferiors, a practice which surely was uncomfortable but deemed to be necessary and imposing.

* Political cartoons by David Low

There are also a number of North American annual collections published each year, including Best Editorial Cartoons of the Year from Pelican Publishing, Best Political Cartoons of the Year from Daryl Cagle, and Portfoolio, which showcases the best Canadian cartoons of the year.

Institutions which archive and document editorial cartoons include the Center for the Study of Political Graphics in the United States, and the British Cartoon Archive in the United Kingdom.

Political cartoons are an effective way for artists to express their thoughts about the events in a certain period in a comical manner.

* American Association of Editorial Cartoonists Political cartoons by the members of the American Association of Editorial Cartoonists

* About. com: Political Cartoons Comprehensive guide to political editorial cartoons on the Web

Political jokes of this form have almost disappeared since reunification as they no longer play the same subversive role, being replaced by open democratic debate, political cartoons and satire.

In 1976, Hoff edited and published Editorial and Political Cartooning: From Earlier Times to the Present, which contains over 700 examples of works from the world's editorial and political cartoons.

Political cartoons still showed Napoleon leading his troops into one.

Political cartoons of the time show Heinz pouring money from a giant ketchup bottle over Green's head.

A more secular meaning can denote that the term Christendom refers to Christians considered as a group, the " Political Christian World ", as an informal cultural hegemony that Christianity has traditionally enjoyed in the West.

* Political risk insurance is a form of casualty insurance that can be taken out by businesses with operations in countries in which there is a risk that revolution or other political conditions could result in a loss.

Political philosophy can also be understood by analysing it through the perspectives of metaphysics, epistemology and axiology.

Political scientists can be found working in governments, in political parties or as civil servants.

The antecedents of Western politics can be traced back to the Socratic political philosophers, Plato ( 427 – 347 BC ), Xenophon ( c. 430 – 354 BC ), and Aristotle (" The Father of Political Science ") ( 384 – 322 BC ).

Political prisoners can also be imprisoned with no legal veneer by extrajudicial processes.

Various business analysis techniques can be used in strategic planning, including SWOT analysis ( Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ) and PEST analysis ( Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis ) or STEER analysis involving Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors and EPISTELS ( Environment, Political, Informative, Social, Technological, Economic, Legal and Spiritual ).

Political, administrative, fiscal and market decentralization can also appear in different forms and combinations across countries, within countries and even within sectors.

However, there are still factors that can limit its success: Political infrastructure, history, territory, culture and society.

Political dealings with slush funds tend to create suspicions of quid pro quo ( buying political favors ), and can be viewed on the surface as corrupt and subversive of the democratic process.

Many contemporary cabaret groups in the United States and elsewhere feature a combination of original music, burlesque and political satire, as can be found in such groups as Cabaret Red Light and Leviathan: Political Cabaret.

* The work of the scholar of political communication Murray Edelman ( 1919 – 2001 ), starting with his seminal book The Symbolic Uses of Politics ( 1964 ), continuing with Politics as symbolic action: mass arousal and quiescience ( 1971 ), Political Language: Words that succeed and policies that fail ( 1977 ), Constructing the Political Spectacle ( 1988 ) and ending with his last book The Politics of Misinformation ( 2001 ) can be viewed as an exploration of the deliberate manipulation and obfuscation of the map-territory distinction for political purposes.

In a 1994 report Right Woos Left, published by the Political Research Associates, investigative journalist Chip Berlet argued that right-wing populist conspiracy theories about the Bilderberg group date back as early as 1964 and can be found in Schlafly's self-published book A Choice, Not an Echo, which promoted a conspiracy theory in which the Republican Party was secretly controlled by elitist intellectuals dominated by members of the Bilderberger group, whose internationalist policies would pave the way for world communism.

On July 30, 1993, explicit clarification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 18 was made in the United Nations Human Rights Committee general comment 22, Paragraph 11: " The Covenant does not explicitly refer to a right to conscientious objection, but the Committee believes that such a right can be derived from article 18, inasmuch as the obligation to use lethal force may seriously conflict with the freedom of conscience and the right to manifest one's religion or belief.

The English term economic man can be found even earlier, in John Kells Ingram's A History of Political Economy ( 1888 ).

Political movements can also involve struggles to decentralize or centralize state control, as in Anarchism, Fascism, and Nazism.

Political economist Robert E. Wright argues that bubbles can be identified ex ante with high confidence.

* Political short-term gain: Lowering interest rates can give the economy a short-run boost.

Political conditions, such as difficulty in adoption proceedings, may also contribute to child abandonment, as can the lack of institutions, such as orphanages, to take in children whom their parents cannot support.

Political authority can also be seen in situations that are typically considered apolitical.

The concentration of facilities on larger campuses also allows for more inter-disciplinary cooperation ; for example, the Departments of Political Science and Sociology are now located in the same facilities at CSS and can pool resources more easily.

Political parties can also abuse the system by splitting their party into two, if this is allowed by electoral law.

* Political Power: Political power can influence the hierarchical system of power because those that can influence what laws are passed and how they are applied can exercise power over others.

Though states ( or increasingly, international organizations ) are usually the only ones with standing to address a violation of international law, some treaties, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights have an optional protocol that allows individuals who have had their rights violated by member states to petition the international Human Rights Committee.

Political blocs are usually based on confessional and local interests or on personal / family allegiance rather than on political affinities.

The NPC meets for about two weeks each year at the same time as the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, usually in the Spring.

The nine largest institutions of the federal university, usually termed the colleges, are Birkbeck, Goldsmiths, King's College London, the London Business School, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway, the School of Oriental and African Studies, London School of Economics and Political Science and University College London ( UCL ).

Political activity of the Moral Majority divided accordingly, with the national Moral Majority office usually focused on addressing multiple issues through Congress while local branches tended to work on a single issue within their respective states.

Political parties are strong in Sweden, with members of the Riksdag usually supporting their parties in parliamentary votes.

Political stalemates among the government members of different denominations within a number of the republican Free Imperial Cities, such as, Augsburg, Frankfurt upon Main, and Regensburg, made their territories de facto bidenominational, but usually the two denominations did not share equal legal status.

In international law three categories of Political status are usually recognized:

The Orthodox Protestant Reformed Political Party and ChristianUnion also usually form a lijstverbinding.

" Political campaigns are generally about contacting voters and volunteers at the nuts-and-bolts level ; and so dependent on state law, local peculiarities and the preferences of campaign organizers and volunteers, a certain block of time ( usually ending at 8pm or 9pm ) is set aside each night for " voter / volunteer contact.

Political Weekend is usually the event where Labour Students welcomes its new members each year.

Political movements rooted in cultural determinism usually stand opposed to political and economic ideologies or consider them of lesser importance than factors such as religion, race, and nationality.

Political parties and movements usually considered Berberist include:

Political discussion was usually confined to the home, in the presence of close friends.

Political satire is usually distinguished from political protest or political dissent, as it does not necessarily carry an agenda nor seek to influence the political process.

According to Anne-Marie Brady, an Associate Professor at the University of Canterbury ’ s School of Political Science and Communication, CCP propaganda and thought work traditionally had a much broader notion of the public sphere than is usually defined by media specialists.

Political doctrines are often the expressed views for such belief systems, such as a foreign policy doctrine ( usually of philosophical origin ) or like the Doctrine for Just War ( of religious origin ).

Political opportunism is interpreted in different ways, but usually refers to one or more of the following: