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Political and geographers
Category: Political geographers

Political and maintain
Political commissars were appointed to each unit of the army to maintain morale and ensure loyalty.
Leuenberger was presented with the Political Award for his work to build and maintain a sustainable transportation policy.
Political parties maintain influence in the government, with a multi-party system arising during the CoDominium era.
Political groups which work within a larger organisation but also maintain a " public face " often reject the term " entrism " but are nevertheless sometimes considered to be entryists by the larger organisation.
Nevertheless, some historians maintain their original, higher estimates, among them Stalin biographer Simon Sebag Montefiore, Perestroika architect and former head of the Presidential Committee for the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev, and the director of Yale's " Annals of Communism " series Jonathan Brent, putting the death toll at about 20 million.
Political control rests on the chief's ability to maintain access to a sufficiently large body of tribute, passed up the line by lesser chiefs.
Political polarization along racial rather than ideological lines has characterized Fijian politics since responsible government was granted towards the end of colonial rule in the 1960s, but Vakatora denied that the purpose of the coalition was to maintain ethnic Fijian control.
* Requires public employee labor organizations to maintain and submit records to Fair Political Practices Commission concerning individual public employees ’ and organizations ’ political contributions.

Political and colonial
Political developments, including the formation and growth of the Tanganyika African National Union ( TANU ), led to Tanganyika attaining independence from colonial rule in December 1961.
Political scientists often define competition in Europe during the Modern Era as a balance of power struggle, which also induced various European states to pursue colonial empires, beginning with the Spanish and Portuguese, and later including the British, French, Dutch, and German.
Political scientist, Donald Lutz, found that Montesquieu was the most frequently quoted authority on government in colonial America.
* Political warfare in British colonial India
An early and prominent example of this was The Political Economy of Soil Erosion in Developing Countries by Piers Blaikie in 1985, which traced land degradation in Africa to colonial policies of land appropriation, rather than over-exploitation by African farmers.
He was literary editor of Nation Athenaeum ( 1923 – 1930 ), joint editor of The Political Quarterly ( 1931 – 1959 ), and for a time served as secretary of the Labour Party's advisory committees on international and colonial questions.
Political independence came on September 7, 1822, and the prince was crowned emperor in Rio de Janeiro as Dom Pedro I, ending 322 years of colonial dominance of Portugal over Brazil.
* Political warfare in British colonial India
* Political warfare in British colonial India
* Political warfare in British colonial India

Political and behavior
Political correctness ( adjectivally, politically correct ; both forms commonly abbreviated to PC ) is a term which denotes language, ideas, policies, and behavior seen as seeking to minimize social and institutional offense in occupational, gender, racial, cultural, sexual orientation, certain other religions, beliefs or ideologies, disability, and age-related contexts, and, as purported by the term, doing so to an excessive extent.
* Political correctness, language or behavior that appears calculated to provide a minimum of offense
Political scientists study matters concerning the allocation and transfer of power in decision making, the roles and systems of governance including governments and international organizations, political behavior and public policies.
* Political Science focuses on the interaction between institutions and human behavior, the way in which the former shapes choices and how the latter change institutional frameworks.
Political historians have responded with the new political history ," which shifts attention to the behavior and values of voters.
Political science is the field devoted to studying political behavior and examining the acquisition and application of power, or the ability to impose one's will on another.
The Institute also produces the journal Jewish Political Studies Review which examines Jewish political institutions and behavior.
Political scientists studying American politics ( referred to as " Americanists ") focus on two main research sub-fields: political behavior and political institutions ; a third major sub-field, American political development ( APD ), also called Democratic theory, has emerged over the last couple of decades.
Political psychology is an interdisciplinary academic field dedicated to understanding politics, politicians and political behavior from a psychological perspective.
Political psychological theory and approaches have been applied in many contexts such as: leadership role ; domestic and foreign policy making ; behavior in ethnic violence, war and genocide ; group dynamics and conflict ; racist behavior ; voting attitudes and motivation ; voting and the role of the media ; nationalism ; and political extremism.
Political efficacy is a theoretical concept used to explain political behavior in Political Science.
Chip Berlet of Political Research Associates says this was " apparently for his divisive behavior in attacking GOP pragmatists ".
Political integrity typically demands an appropriate combination of principled positions and political flexibility that produces a morally consistent behavior in specific circumstances.

Political and was
Political interference in Africa and Asia and even in Latin America ( though limited in Latin America by the special interest of the United States as expressed in the Monroe Doctrine, itself from the outset related to European politics and long dependent upon the `` balance of power '' system in Europe ) was necessary in order to preserve both common economic values and the European `` balance '' itself.
Political, economic and military experts were all agreed that chaotic, mountainous little Laos was the last place in the world to fight a war -- and they were probably right.
It was My Political Awakening and, according to Hitler in his book Mein Kampf, it reflected the ideals he already believed in.
From the British side the camp was attended by Mortimer Durand and Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, Political Agent Khyber.
Political acquiescence in demutualisation was clearest in the case of the position on ' carpet baggers ', that is those who joined societies by lodging minimum amounts of £ 100 or so in the hope of profiting from a distribution of surplus after demutualisation.
Political murder was one of their well known tools.
Political violence against FARC and UP members ( including presidential candidate Jaime Pardo ) was blamed on drug lords and also on members of the security forces ( to a much lesser degree on the argued inaction of Betancur administration ).
" It was replaced by the State Political Administration or GPU, a section of the NKVD of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( RSFSR ).
However at the 8th Party Congress held in 1919, the Political Bureau ( Politburo ) was established to respond to questions needing immediate responses.
Marx's Critique of Political Economy played an important role in the German branch of the student revolt, which was centered in Berlin.
Hume's volume of Political Discourses ( published by Kincaid & Donaldson, 1752 ) was the only work he considered successful on first publication.
" Deng's father, Deng Wenming, was a middle-level landowner and had studied at the University of Law and Political Science in Chengdu.
Political economy was the earlier name for the subject, but economists in the latter 19th century suggested ' economics ' as a shorter term for ' economic science ' that also avoided a narrow political-interest connotation and as similar in form to ' mathematics ', ' ethics ', and so forth.
Jia Qinglin, chairman of the People's Political Consultative Conference ( CPPCC ), was dispatched to Fiji and met Prime Minister Qarase during a brief stopover on 21 – 22 May, a move that Tavola said was not coincidental.
Political power was to be concentrated in Parliament, with a lesser role for the Senate.
Political party activity was legalized in 1992, when more than 40 political parties were officially recognized for the first time.
Political change in continental Europe was spurred by the French Revolution under the motto liberté, egalité, fraternité.
Political power was solely executed by leading members ( Politburo ) of the communist-controlled Socialist Unity Party ( SED ).
Political organizations and writers, as well as Aristide himself, have suggested that the rebellion was in fact a foreign controlled coup d ' état.
Marx's clearest formulation of his " Materialist Conception of History " was in the 1859 Preface to his book " A contribution to the Critique of Political Economy ," whose relevant passage is reproduced here:
Political institutions and parties were allowed to function, which was combined with electoral manipulation and strong-arming of those not willing to cooperate into submission.
The Political Department of the JNC was responsible for relations with the Arabs, ties with the Jewish Agency and negotiations with the British.
Political power was widely dispersed.

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