Pompey's right was protected by the River Enipeus, therefore he amassed all his cavalry on Caesar's right.

Pompey's plan was to allow Caesar's infantry to advance, have his cavalry attack and push back the numerically inferior Julian horses, and then attack Caesar's infantry from behind.

But seeing that Pompey's army was not advancing, Caesar's men, without orders, stopped to rest and regroup before continuing the charge.

When the lines joined, Labienus ordered the cavalry to attack ; as expected they successfully pushed back Caesar's cavalry until his hidden fourth line joined in, using their pila to thrust at Pompey's cavalry and turn them to flight.

Antony commanded Italy whilst Caesar destroyed Pompey's legions in Spain, and led the reinforcements to Greece, before commanding the right wing of Caesar's armies at Pharsalus.

Although he was Caesar's political enemy, Pompey was a Roman consul and the widower of Caesar's only legitimate daughter, Julia ( who died in childbirth with Pompey's son ).

The alliance combined Caesar's enormous popularity and legal reputation with Crassus's fantastic wealth and influence within the plutocratic Equestrian order ( ordo equester ) and Pompey's equally spectacular wealth and military reputation.

In addition Pompey's fleet, commanded by Caesar's former junior consul Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, lay between Caesar and Greece.

Although initially successful Pompey's forces were simply too numerous and they began to flank Caesar's right wing which buckled as it was threatened from the rear.

According to Cicero's personal correspondence, the motive was adultery ( it is said that she was one of Julius Caesar's many affairs, although Pompey's friendship and alliance with Caesar at the time would tend to suggest that Pompey himself either did not regard this rumour as true or did not consider it important ).

The First Triumvirate, a political ( although informal ) alliance with Pompey and Crassus, came to an end in 54 BC, with the deaths of Julia ( Caesar's daughter and Pompey's wife ) in childbirth and Crassus in the battle of Carrhae.

The highest point of the structure was the Temple to Venus Victrix, Pompey's personal deity ( compared to Julius Caesar's worship of Venus Genetrix as his personal deity ).

Book 6: Pompey's troops force Caesar's armies – featuring the heroic centurion Scaeva – to fall back to Thessaly.

The soldier predicts Pompey's defeat and Caesar's eventual assassination.

** Pompey's sons Gnaeus Pompeius and Sextus Pompeius, together with Titus Labienus, Caesar's former propraetorian legate ( legatus propraetore ) and second in command in the Gallic War, escaped to Hispania, where they continued to resist Caesar's dominance of the Roman world.

Caesar knew this would be his last stand as they had run out of supplies and with no lines of retreat they would be at Pompey's mercy and likely slaughtered if they lost the battle.

Caesar, in his history of the war, would praise his own men's discipline and experience, and questioned Pompey's decision not to charge.

Had the battle actually taken place in the true month of August, when the harvest was becoming ripe, Pompey's strategy of starving Caesar would not be plausible.

It would also place him at the mercy of Pompey's armies.

Crassus's rivalry with Pompey and his envy of Pompey's triumph would influence his subsequent career.

The case was, by Pompey's order to proceed extra ordinem, that is to say, that it would skip the queue.

Pompey's Theatre, where Julius Caesar was murdered, was also outside the pomerium and included a chamber where the Senate could meet allowing the attendance of any senators who were forbidden to cross the pomerium and thus would not have been able to meet in the Curia Hostilia.

Julius Caesar would come to copy Pompey's use of the spoils of war to illustrate and glorify his own triumphs when building his forum which in turn would be copied by emperors.

Caesar ordered a wall to be built around Pompey's position in order to cut off water and pasture land for his horses.

Writing might include the name of the owning military unit or commander or might be more imaginative: " Take this ," " Ouch ," and even " For Pompey's backside " added insult to injury, whereas dexai (" take this " or " catch!

Pompey's army lost the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, and Pompey himself had to run for his life, only to be murdered in Egypt on September 29 of the same year.

When Caesar arrived he was presented with the head of Pompey, but he responded with grief and disgust and ordered that Pompey's body be located and given a proper Roman funeral.

It was destroyed by Pompey's general Gabinius in 57 BC, but later rebuilt by Herod the Great in 30 BC to be used as a military base to safeguard his territories east of the Jordan.

In 1550, the triumphant entry into Rouen of Henri II of France was compared to Pompey's third triumph of 61 BCE at Rome: " No less pleasing and delectable than the third triumph of Pompey ... magnificent in riches and abounding in the spoils of foreign nations ".

Afranius held until Sertorius ' attention was drawn away by Pompey's attack into Sertorius ' own left.

Afranius was given command against the Arabians of Amanus, and his victory against them cleared the way for Pompey's advance into Syria.

The town of Huntley was incorporated into the project along with the new railroad towns of Ballantine, Worden, and Pompey's Pillar, all founded in 1907.

Entering into office, Bibulus began his term as consul by vetoing Caesar ’ s proposed bill to purchase land in order to discharge and settle Pompey's soldiers who had returned from the east some years previously.

The hotel itself has been built into the ruins of the Pompey's Theater.

Caesar also deployed in three lines but could only set them to six men deep if he was to match the length of Pompey's line.

After Pompey's defeat in the Battle of Pharsalus, Caesar gave orders to his officers not to harm Brutus if they saw him in battle, probably out of respect for Servilia.

Certain extraordinary commissions, such as Pompey's famous command against the pirates, were invested with imperium maius, meaning they outranked all other owners of imperium ( in Pompey's case, even the consuls ) within their sphere of command ( his being " ultimate on the seas, and within 50 miles inland ").

Although the extent of the damage was not as disastrous as during the Great Fire of 64 — crucially sparing the many districts of insulae — Cassius Dio records a long list of important public buildings that were destroyed, including Agrippa's Pantheon, the Temple of Jupiter, the Diribitorium, parts of Pompey's Theatre and the Saepta Julia among others.

Contemptuously calling Pompey Sulla's pupil, Sertorius proved himself more than a match for his adversaries: he razed Lauron, a city allied to Rome, after a battle in which Pompey's forces were ambushed and defeated ; he nearly captured Pompey at the battle of Sucro when Pompey decided to fight Sertorius without waiting for Metellus Pius ; but was indecisively beaten at Saguntum.

From day two, Pompey's soldiers ringed the court, and preceedings were clearly very disorderly.

Other key figures in the resistance were Titus Labienus, Publius Attius Varus, Lucius Afranius, Marcus Petreius and the brothers Sextus and Gnaeus Pompeius ( Pompey's sons ).

Other buildings were made: the Theatre of Marcellus, the temple for Isis ( from around the time of Caligula ), the baths and bridge by Nero and Pompey's Theatre where Julius Caesar was murdered by Marcus Brutus.

Scenes from the films X-Men: First Class, Glory, The Legend Of Bagger Vance, Jekyll Island, and The View From Pompey's Head were filmed on Jekyll Island.