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Pope Adrian II ( 867 – 872 ) is the last pope for which there are extant manuscripts of the original Liber Pontificalis: the biographies of Pope John VIII, Pope Marinus I, and Pope Adrian III are missing and the biography of Pope Stephen V ( 885 – 891 ) is incomplete.
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Pope and Adrian
Angilbert delivered the document on Iconoclasm from the Frankish Synod of Frankfurt to Pope Adrian I, and was later sent on three important embassies to the pope, in 792, 794 and 796.
This proposal, which was understandably appealing to Albert, had already been discussed by some of his relatives ; but it was necessary to proceed cautiously, and he assured Pope Adrian VI that he was anxious to reform the Order and punish the knights who had adopted Lutheran doctrines.
The original publication of the Liber Pontificalis stopped with Pope Adrian II ( 867 – 872 ) or Pope Stephen V ( 885 – 891 ), but it was later supplemented in a different style until Pope Eugene IV ( 1431 – 1447 ) and then Pope Pius II ( 1458 – 1464 ).
The modern interpretation, following that of Louis Duchesne, who compiled the major scholarly edition, is that the Liber Pontificalis was gradually and unsystematically compiled, and that the authorship is impossible to determine, with a few exceptions ( e. g. the biography of Pope Stephen II ( 752 – 757 ) to papal " Primicerius " Christopher ; the biographies of Pope Nicholas I and Pope Adrian II ( 867 – 872 ) to Anastasius ).
Pope and II
In 355 Constantius became the sole Emperor and extended his pro-Arian policy toward the western provinces, frequently using force to push through his creed, even exiling Pope Liberius and installing Antipope Felix II.
" On his arrival in Rome, however, charges of simony, or the buying of ecclesiastical office, and lack of learning were brought against him, and his elevation to York was refused by Pope Nicholas II, who also deposed him from Worcester.
Only the death of Stephen, the great hospodar of Moldavia, enabled Poland still to hold her own on the Danube River ; while the liberality of Pope Julius II, who issued no fewer than 29 bulls in favor of Poland and granted Alexander Peter's Pence and other financial help, enabled him to restrain somewhat the arrogance of the Teutonic Order.
In 1143, he wrote to Pope Innocent II to declare himself and the kingdom servants of the Church, swearing to pursue driving the Moors out of the Iberian Peninsula.
After being excommunicated for his audacities by Pope Honorius III, Afonso II promised to make amends to the church, but he died in 1223 before making any serious attempts to do so.
Pope Innocent IV then ordered Sancho II to be removed from the throne and be replaced by the Count of Boulogne.
The intervention of Pope Calixtus II brought about an arrangement between the old man and his young namesake.
From the 980s, Gerbert of Aurillac ( later, Pope Sylvester II ) used his position to spread knowledge of the numerals in Europe.
At the Council of Clermont in 1095, Adhemar showed great zeal for the crusade ( there is evidence Urban II had conferred with Adhemar before the council ) and having been named apostolic legate and appointed to lead the crusade by Pope Urban II, he accompanied Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, to the east.
When at last successful, he was excommunicated by Pope Callixtus II for having expelled the monks of Saint-Gilles, who had aided his enemies.
* 2005 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected the 265th Pope of the Catholic Church following the death of Pope John Paul II.
Pope and 867
In the 16th century, Onofrio Panvinio attributed the biographies after Damasus until Pope Nicholas I ( 858 – 867 ) to Anastasius Bibliothecarius ; Anastasius continued to be cited as the author into the 17th century, although this attribution was disputed by the scholarship of Caesar Baronius, Ciampini, Schelstrate and others.
Michael presided over a synod in 867 in which Photios and the three other eastern patriarchs excommunicated Pope Nicholas and condemned the Latin filioque clause concerning the procession of the Holy Spirit.
Pope Nicholas I ( c. 800 – 13 November 867 ), or Saint Nicholas the Great, reigned from 24 April 858 until his death.
The Council at Constantinople in 867 excommunicated Pope Nicholas I, who was then replaced by Pope Adrian II ( due to the death of Nicholas I ), and rejected Nicholas ' claims of primacy, his efforts to convert Bulgaria, and the addition of the Filioque in parts of the Latin Church.
During the pontificate of Pope Nicholas I ( 858 – 867 ) Anastasius was abbot of Santa Maria in Trastevere on the farther side of the Tiber.
The successor of Nicholas, Pope Adrian II ( 867 – 872 ), appointed Anastasius bibliothecarius ( Head of archives ) of the Roman Church, an important office at the Lateran Palace that gave him further influence at the Papal court.
The two brother's translation of liturgical books into Old Church Slavonic was approved by Pope Hadrian II in 867.
Lambert was a doughty fighter against Saracen raiders, but who equally massacred Byzantines ( as in 867 ), and was deposed in 871, restored in 876, and finally excommunicated by Pope John VIII.
" In a synod held in Rome in 864, Pope Nicholas I declared that no ecumenical council could be called without authorization by Rome ; and, until Pope Hadrian II ( 867 – 872 ), none of the Popes recognized the legitimacy of all four eastern patriarchs, but only those of Alexandria and Antioch.
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