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Pope and Clement
File: Tomb of Pope Clement XIII Gregorovius. jpg | Tomb of Clement XIII
File: Tomb of Pope Clement XIV Gregorovius. jpg | Tomb of Clement XIV
* 1314 Pope Clement V ( b. 1264 )
* 1652 Pope Clement XII ( d. 1740 )
* Pope Clement VI ( 1291 1352, r. 1342 52 )
Immediately after his appointment as Cardinal, Pope Clement made him a Cardinal Inquisitor, in which capacity he served as one of the judges at the trial of Giordano Bruno, and concurred in the decision which condemned Bruno to be burned at the stake as a heretic.
Jacopo Buonaparte was a friend and advisor to Medici Pope Clement VII.
The Council entrusted to the Pope the implementation of its work ; as a result, Pope Pius IV issued the Tridentine Creed in 1565 ; and Pope Pius V issued in 1566 the Roman Catechism, in 1568 a revised Roman Breviary, and in 1570 a revised Roman Missal, thus standardizing what since the 20th century has been called the Tridentine Mass ( from the city's Latin name Tridentum ), and Pope Clement VIII issued in 1592 a revised edition of the Vulgate.
Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 34 ), troops of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Papal Rome in 1527, “ raping, killing, burning, stealing, the like had not been seen since the Vandals ”.
Pope Clement VII ( 1523 34 ) was vehemently against the idea of a council, agreeing with Francis I of France.
When Pope Clement VII refused to annul the marriage, Henry defied him by assuming supremacy over religious matters.
Clement studied under Pantaenus, and was ordained to the priesthood by Pope Julian before 189.
In 1533 he was allowed to accompany Dom Martinho de Portugal to Rome on an embassy to Pope Clement VII, to whom Father Álvares delivered the letter Lebna Dengel had written to the Pope.
Manfred is killed in the battle and Pope Clement IV invests Charles as king of Sicily and Naples.
In 1343 the interval between Holy Years was reduced by Pope Clement VI to fifty years.
The influence of the grateful new queen being actively exerted on Alberoni's behalf — the princesse des Ursins having been chased out — within not much more than a year Alberoni was made a duke and grandee of Spain, a member of the king's council, appointed bishop of Málaga, and in 1715 prime minister, and was made cardinal by Pope Clement XI, under pressure from the court of Spain, in July 1717.
He went to Italy, escaped from arrest at Genoa, and had to take refuge among the Apennines, Pope Clement XI, who was his bitter enemy, having given strict orders for his arrest.
In 1343 he had been sent to Pope Clement VI at Avignon to negotiate a grant of a tax on the revenues of the Church for the Crusade.
In August 1524 Pope Clement VII appointed Aleandro the Archbishop of Brindisi, for which office he was ordained to the priesthood two months later.

Pope and V
** Saint Pope Pius V
* Pope Adrian V ( c. 1205 1276 )
In 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas, granting Afonso V the right to reduce " Saracens, pagans and any other unbelievers " to hereditary slavery.
As Pope Martin V supported Sforza, Alfonso switched religious allegiance to the Aragonese antipope Benedict XIII.
In 1589 Pope Sixtus V united to the Congregation of St Ambrose the monasteries of a group known as the " Brothers of the Apostles of the Poor Life " ( or " Apostolini " or " Brothers of St. Barnabas "), whose houses were in the province of Genoa and in the March of Ancona.
The union was confirmed by Pope Paul V in 1606, at which time the congregation added the name of St. Barnabas to its title, adopted new constitutions, divided its houses into four provinces, two of them, St Clement's and St Pancras's, being in Rome.
Pope Martin V protested in vain against the inscription on the sarcophagus: " John the former pope ".
This Felix was later confused with a Roman martyr named Felix, with the result that he was included in lists of the Popes as Felix II and that the succeeding Popes of the same name ( Pope Felix III and Pope Felix IV ) were given wrong numerals, as was Antipope Felix V.
While Pope Stephen V supported Guy, crowning him Roman Emperor in 891, Arnulf threw his support behind Berengar.
By the time of Pope Martin V their signature was made essential to the validity of the acts of the chancery ; and they obtained in course of time many important privileges.
Pope Martin V ( Constit.
Pope Paul V, who in early manhood was a member of the College ( Const.
* Pope Celestine V ( 1215 96, r. 1294 )
* Pope Urban V ( 1310 70, r. 1362 70 )
After the murder in that year of Henry III of France, Pope Sixtus V sent Enrico Caetani as legate to Paris to negotiate with the Catholic League of France, and chose Bellarmine to accompany him as theologian.
He received some votes in the 1605 conclaves which elected Pope Leo XI, Pope Paul V, and in 1621 when Pope Gregory XV was elected, but only in the second conclave of 1605 was he papabile.
Under Pope Paul V ( reigned 1605 1621 ), a major conflict arose between Venice and the Papacy.
In 1589, by the bull Cum pro nostri temporali munere, Pope Sixtus V re-organised the choir of St Peter's, Rome specifically to include castrati.
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, composed of six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons ; however, Pope John XXIII began to exceed the overall limit of 70, and this continued under his successors.

Pope and born
Bellarmine was born at Montepulciano, the son of noble, albeit impoverished, parents, Vincenzo Bellarmino and his wife Cinzia Cervini, who was sister of Pope Marcellus II.
He was born in Rome — in either 1475 or 1476 — the son of Cardinal Rodrigo de Lanzol y Borgia, soon to become Pope Alexander VI, and his mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei, about whom information is sparse.
* 1854 In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Virgin Mary was born free of original sin.
The reform-minded Pope Gregory VII was determined to oppose such practices, leading to the Investiture Controversy with King Henry IV ( r. 1056 1106 ), who repudiated the Pope's interference and persuaded his bishops to excommunicate the Pope, whom he famously addressed by his born name " Hildebrand ", rather than his divine name " Pope Gregory VII ".
Mehmet Ali Ağca (; born January 9, 1958 ) is a Turkish assassin who murdered left-wing journalist Abdi İpekçi on February 1, 1979 and later shot and wounded Pope John Paul II on May 13, 1981, after escaping from a Turkish prison.
Pope Alexander VII ( 13 February 1599 22 May 1667 ), born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from 7 April 1655, until his death.
Pope Alexander VIII ( 22 April 1610 1 February 1691 ), born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was Pope from 1689 to 1691.
Pope Alexander II ( died 21 April 1073 ), born Anselmo da Baggio, was Pope from 1061 to 1073.
Pope Alexander III ( c. 1100 / 1105 30 August 1181 ), born Rolando ( or Orlando ) of Siena, was Pope from 1159 to 1181.
Blessed Pope John XXIII (; ), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli ( 25 November 18813 June 1963 ), headed the Catholic Church and ruled Vatican City from 1958 until his death.
The Pope began to speak for a very last time: " I had the great grace to be born into a Christian family, modest and poor, but with the fear of the Lord.
The Venerable Pope Pius XII (; ), born Eugenio Marìa Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli ( 2 March 1876 9 October 1958 ), reigned as Pope, head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City State, from 2 March 1939 until his death in 1958.
Pope John II ( born Mercurius ) was pope from 533 to 535.
Pope John VIII: John, of English extraction, was born at Mentz ( Mainz ) and is said to have arrived at Popedom by evil art ; for disguising herself like a man, whereas she was a woman, she went when young with her paramour, a learned man, to Athens, and made such progress in learning under the professors there that, coming to Rome, she met with few that could equal, much less go beyond her, even in the knowledge of the scriptures ; and by her learned and ingenious readings and disputations, she acquired so great respect and authority that upon the death of Pope Leo IV ( as Martin says ) by common consent she was chosen Pope in his room.
Pope Adrian IV ( c. 1100 1 September 1159 ), born Nicholas Breakspear or Breakspeare, was Pope from 1154 to 1159.

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