* Pope Gelasius II ( d. 1119, r. 1118 – 19 )

* 1119 – Pope Gelasius II

By the 5th century, when the public performance of pagan rites had been outlawed, a nominally Christian Roman populace still clung to the Lupercalia in the time of Pope Gelasius I ( 494 – 96 ).

Whatever the fortunes of the rites in the meantime, in the last decade of the 5th century they prompted Pope Gelasius I's taunt to the senators who were intent on preserving them: " If you assert that this rite has salutary force, celebrate it yourselves in the ancestral fashion ; run nude yourselves that you may properly carry out the mockery.

Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 131 – 134 online, on the continued celebration of the Lupercalia among " uninhibited Christians " into the 5th century, and the reasons for the " brutal intervention " by Pope Gelasius.

The priests of Lupercus later celebrated certain ceremonies of the Lupercalia there, from the earliest days of the City until AD 494, when the practice was ended by Pope Gelasius I.

** Pope Gelasius I

The first record of the application of this title to a Bishop of Rome appears in a synod of 495 with reference to Pope Gelasius I.

Lamberto was one of the cardinals who accompanied Pope Gelasius II into exile in 1118 – 19 and was at his bedside when Gelasius died.

With Gelasius ’ death, Lamberto became a close advisor of Pope Callixtus II.

Pope Blessed Calixtus II ( or Calistus II ) ( died 13 December 1124 ), born Guy de Burgundy, the fourth son of William I, Count of Burgundy, was elected Pope on 1 February 1119 after the death of Pope Gelasius II.

During the violent confrontations between Henry V and Paschal II's successor, Pope Gelasius II, the Pope was forced to flee from Rome, first to Gaeta, where he was crowned, then to the Abbey of Cluny, where he died on 29 January 1119.

In this capacity, he accompanied Pope Gelasius II when he was driven into France.

Pope Gelasius stated that George was among those saints " whose names are justly reverenced among men, but whose actions are known only to God.

* Gelasius I, Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, p. 492 – 496

* Pope Gelasius I changes pagan Lupercalia festival into Roman Catholic Candlemas feast of Purification.

* February 14 – Pope Gelasius I introduces Valentine's Day, after he has abolished Lupercalia ( approximate date ).

* November 21 – Pope Gelasius I

* Pope Gelasius I gains support from Italian bishops in his assertion that the spiritual power of the papacy is superior to the emperor's temporal authority.

* January 24 – Pope Gelasius II succeeds Pope Paschal II as the 161st pope.

** Pope Celestine I ( Roman Catholic Church )

** Pope Sixtus I

This use of the title is said to have originated in the right conceded to the king of France, by the concordat between Pope Leo X and Francis I ( 1516 ), to appoint abbés commendataires to most of the abbeys in France.

** Pope Stephen I

Pope Gregory I repeats the concept, articulated over a century earlier by Gregory of Nyssa that the saved suffer purification after death, in connection with which he wrote of " purgatorial flames ".

The same word in adjectival form ( purgatorius-a-um, cleansing ), which appears also in non-religious writing, was already used by Christians such as Augustine of Hippo and Pope Gregory I to refer to an after-death cleansing.

Angilbert delivered the document on Iconoclasm from the Frankish Synod of Frankfurt to Pope Adrian I, and was later sent on three important embassies to the pope, in 792, 794 and 796.

# REDIRECT Pope Adrian I

* Pope Adrian I ( c. 700-795 )

* Pope Alexander I, Pope from 106 to 115

Pope Leo I requests Genseric not destroy the ancient city or murder its citizens.

Hippolytus of Rome ( d. 235 ) is commonly considered to be the earliest antipope, as he headed a separate group within the Church in Rome against Pope Callixtus I. Hippolytus was reconciled to Callixtus's second successor, Pope Pontian, and both he and Pontian are honoured as saints by the Roman Catholic Church with a shared feast day on 13 August.

The commentary itself was written during the papacy of Pope Damasus I, that is, between 366 and 384, and is considered an important document of the Latin text of Paul before the Vulgate of Jerome, and of the interpretation of Paul prior to Augustine of Hippo.

* Pope Anastasius I ( died 401 ), pope from November 27, 399 to 401

* Pope Anastasius I – Pope 399 – 401

The Angles are the subject of a legend about Pope Gregory I, who happened to see a group of Angle children from Deira for sale as slaves in the Roman market.

John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Prussia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice ; however, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as pope by the Kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, and Scotland and Gregory XII was still favored by Ladislaus of Naples, Carlo I Malatesta, the princes of Bavaria, Louis III, Elector Palatine, and parts of Germany and Poland.

During the English Reformation the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church, at first temporarily under Henry VIII and Edward VI and later permanently during the reign of Elizabeth I.

The first Archbishop of Canterbury was St Augustine ( not to be confused with St Augustine of Hippo ), who arrived in Kent in 597 AD, having been sent by Pope Gregory I on a mission to the English.

According to this account, Athanasius composed it during his exile in Rome, and presented it to Pope Julius I as a witness to his orthodoxy.

( Philosophumena, VII, xxiii ) The belief was declared heretical by Pope Victor I.

In Spain, Adoptionism was opposed by Beatus of Liebana, and in the Carolingian territories, the Adoptionist position was condemned by Pope Hadrian I, Alcuin of York, Agobard, and officially in Carolingian territory by the Council of Frankfurt ( 794 ).