Pope Pius the Sixth, at Rome, in April, 1778, wrote the following: `` The faithful should be excited to the reading of the Holy Scriptures: For these are the most abundant sources which ought to be left open to everyone, to draw from them purity of morals and of doctrine, to eradicate errors which are so widely disseminated in these corrupt times ''.

** Saint Pope Pius V

* 1953 – Pope Pius XII establishes the Dioceses of Norwich and Bridgeport and makes the Diocese of Hartford an archdiocese.

* 1740 – Pope Pius VII ( d. 1823 )

** Pope Pius X

He was canonized and proclaimed a Doctor of the Church on December 16, 1931 by Pope Pius XI and patron saint of the sciences.

Category: Saints canonized by Pope Pius XI

* 1865 – Astronomer Pietro Angelo Secchi demonstrates the Secchi disk, which measures water clarity, aboard Pope Pius IX's yacht, the L ’ Immaculata Concezion.

* 1808 – The Roman Catholic Diocese of Baltimore is promoted to an archdiocese, with the founding of the dioceses of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Bardstown ( now Louisville ) by Pope Pius VII.

2, " Romani "), made them Referendaries of Favours, and after three years of service, Referendaries of Justice, enjoying the privileges of Referendaries and permitting one to assist in the signatures before the Pope, giving all a right to a portion in the papal palace and exempting them from the registration of favours as required by Pius IV ( Const., 98 ) with regard to matters pertaining to the Apostolic Chamber.

The college was suppressed in 1908 by Pope Pius X and their duties were transferred to the protonotarii apostolici participantes.

* Pope Pius VII ( 1742 – 1823, r. 1800 – 23 )

In 1830, Pope Pius VIII bestowed upon Bernard the title " Doctor of the Church ".

Significant changes came in 1910 with the reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X.

Pope Pius XII introduced optional use of a new translation of the Psalms from the Hebrew to a more classical Latin.

Pope John XXIII also revised the Breviary in 1960, introducing changes drawn up by his predecessor Pope Pius XII.

The arrangement of the Psalms in the Rule of St. Benedict had a profound impact upon the breviaries used by secular and monastic clergy alike, up until 1911 when Pope St. Pius X introduced his reform of the Roman Breviary.

In 1459 Pope Pius II endowed the University of Basel where such notables as Erasmus of Rotterdam and Paracelsus later taught.

For example, Saint Hermann Joseph had his veneration confirmed by Pope Pius XII.

( As a result of the setting of the age limit at the start of 1971, twenty-five living cardinals, including the last three surviving cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, lost the right to participate in a conclave.

Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in Trent ( 1551 – 52 ) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions, and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent ( 1559 – 63 ).

The Council entrusted to the Pope the implementation of its work ; as a result, Pope Pius IV issued the Tridentine Creed in 1565 ; and Pope Pius V issued in 1566 the Roman Catechism, in 1568 a revised Roman Breviary, and in 1570 a revised Roman Missal, thus standardizing what since the 20th century has been called the Tridentine Mass ( from the city's Latin name Tridentum ), and Pope Clement VIII issued in 1592 a revised edition of the Vulgate.

Rather, in modern times, the various autonomous houses have formed themselves loosely into congregations ( for example, Cassinese, English, Solesmes, Subiaco, Camaldolese, Sylvestrines ) that in turn are represented in the Benedictine Confederation that came into existence through Pope Leo XIII's Apostolic Brief " Summum semper " on July 12, 1883.

The inscription declares, citing a 12 November 1548 papal bull of Pope Paul III, that God inflicts " maledictions and excommunications " on all who abandon a child of theirs whom they have the means to rear, and that they cannot be absolved unless they first refund all expenses incurred.

Louis also ordered, at the urging of Pope Gregory IX, the burning in Paris in 1243 of some 12, 000 manuscript copies of the Talmud and other Jewish books.

On the death of Pope Innocent IV in 1254 he was elected pope at Naples on 12 December 1254.

Pope Saint Leo III ( 750 – 12 June 816 ) was Pope from 795 to his death in 816.

Under the influence of Charles of Anjou, he was elected Pope to succeed Innocent V on 12 July 1276 but died at Viterbo on 18 August 1276 from illness without ever having been ordained to the priesthood.

Pope Honorius I ( died 12 October 638 ) was pope from 625 to 638.

The Pope on 12 July 1420 conceded indulgence to any who would contribute to a crusade against the latter, which would be led by Sigismund, King of the Romans.

Pope Boniface III was Pope from 19 February to 12 November 607.

Pope Clement XII ( 7 April 1652 – 6 February 1740 ), born Lorenzo Corsini, was Pope from 12 July 1730 to 6 February 1740.

Pope Gregory XIII made him a Cardinal-Priest of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere on 12 December 1583.

Pope Saint Stephen I served as Bishop of Rome from 12 May 254 to 2 August 257.

Pope Sergius IV ( died 12 May 1012 ), born in Rome as Pietro Martino Buccaporci, was Pope from 31 July 1009 until his death.

Sergius IV died on 12 May 1012 and was followed in the papacy by Pope Benedict VIII.

Pope Saint Innocent I was pope from 401 to 12 March 417.

Pope Innocent VI ( 1282 or 1295 – 12 September 1362 ), born Étienne Aubert, was Pope from 18 December 1352 until his death.

Pope Sylvester II ( or Silvester II ) ( c. 946 – 12 May 1003 ), born Gerbert d ' Aurillac ( Gerbert of Aurillac ), was a prolific scholar, teacher, and Pope.

Blessed Pope Innocent XI ( 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689 ), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was Pope from 1676 to 1689.

According to Hosea Ballou, then Pierre Batiffol ( 1911 ) and George T. Knight ( 1914 ) Amalric was a believer that all people would eventually be saved and this was one of the counts upon which he was declared a heretic by Pope Innocent III.

The marriage of Alfonso and Urraca was declared null by the Pope, as they were second cousins, in 1110, but he ignored the papal nuncio and clung to his liaison with Urraca until 1114.

When Angelo Cardinal Roncalli was elected and became Pope John, there was some confusion as to whether he would be John XXIII or John XXIV ; he then declared that he was John XXIII to put this question to rest.

( Philosophumena, VII, xxiii ) The belief was declared heretical by Pope Victor I.

The Colonna family ( aside from the three brothers allied with the Pope ) declared that Boniface had been elected illegally following the unprecedented abdication of Pope Celestine V three years previously.

In 1533 their marriage was declared invalid and Henry married Anne on the judgment of clergy in England, without reference to the Pope.

In 1883, Cyril was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Leo XIII.

In contrast, the Holy See has not questioned the validity of the consecrations that the late Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre performed in 1988 for the service of the relatively numerous followers of the Traditionalist Catholic Society of St. Pius X that he had founded, and of the bishops who, under pressure from the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, " have been ordained without the Pontifical mandate and who have not asked for, or have not yet obtained, the necessary legitimation ", and who consequently, Pope Benedict XVI has declared, " are to be considered illegitimate, but validly ordained ".

Photius had already been declared deposed by the Pope, an act which the Church of Constantinople accepted at this council.

At the Sixth Ecumenical Council Pope Honorius and Patriarch Sergius were declared heretics.

In the belief that the revolt had been successful, Pope Pius V issued a bull in 1570, titled Regnans in Excelsis, which declared " Elizabeth, the pretended Queen of England and the servant of crime " to be excommunicate and a heretic, releasing all her subjects from any allegiance to her.

The Pope, in turn, excommunicated the king, declared him deposed and dissolved the oaths of loyalty made to Henry.

In 1462, Pope Pius II declared the " Compacta " null and void, prohibited communion in both kinds, and acknowledged King George of Podebrady as king on condition that he would promise an unconditional harmony with the Roman Church.

He was canonized a saint by the Roman Catholic Church in 1598 by Pope Clement VIII and declared a Doctor of the Church in 1722 by Pope Innocent XIII.

Twenty-five years after her execution, an inquisitorial court authorized by Pope Callixtus III examined the trial, pronounced her innocent, and declared her a martyr.

Pope Boniface VIII proclaimed the canonization of Louis in 1297 ; he is the only French monarch to be declared a saint.

From the early 6th century, it began to be confined in the West to the Bishop of Rome, a practice that was firmly in place by the 11th century, when Pope Gregory VII declared it reserved for the Bishop of Rome.

On 3 September 2000, John was declared " Blessed " by Pope John Paul II, the penultimate step on the road to sainthood.

In 1958, Pope Pius XII declared the Feast of the Holy Face of Jesus as Shrove Tuesday ( the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday ) for all Roman Catholics.

The Annuario Pontificio included this Stephen in its list of popes as Pope Stephen II until the Second Vatican Council ( 1962 – 65 ) declared that he was not a pope, and gave all papal Stephens that followed dual numberings to reflect this change.

In 1601, Pope Clement VIII declared the legend of the female Pope to be untrue.