** Pope Sixtus I

* 1483 – Pope Sixtus IV consecrates the Sistine Chapel.

In 1589 Pope Sixtus V united to the Congregation of St Ambrose the monasteries of a group known as the " Brothers of the Apostles of the Poor Life " ( or " Apostolini " or " Brothers of St. Barnabas "), whose houses were in the province of Genoa and in the March of Ancona.

Pope Sixtus IV gave the nuns canonical status in 1474.

Pope Paul II suppressed this college ; but Sixtus IV ( Constitutio 16, " Divina ") reestablished it.

After the murder in that year of Henry III of France, Pope Sixtus V sent Enrico Caetani as legate to Paris to negotiate with the Catholic League of France, and chose Bellarmine to accompany him as theologian.

In 1589, by the bull Cum pro nostri temporali munere, Pope Sixtus V re-organised the choir of St Peter's, Rome specifically to include castrati.

In 1587 Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of the College at 70, including 50 cardinal priests, about twice the historical number.

Under the 1587 decree of Pope Sixtus V, which fixed the maximum size of the College of Cardinals, there were 14 cardinal deacons.

Their family is notable for their bitter feud with the Orsini family over influence in Rome until it was stopped by Papal Bull in 1511 ; in 1571 the Chiefs of both families married nieces of Pope Sixtus V.

The church and monastery of San Pietro in Montorio originally belonged to the Celestines in Rome ; but they were turned out of it by Sixtus IV to make way for Franciscans, receiving from the Pope in exchange the Church of St Eusebius of Vercelli with the adjacent mansion for a monastery.

He was previously revered in the Roman Catholic Church, but his cult was suppressed in 1586 by Pope Sixtus V due to concerns about his orthodoxy.

More likely, Pope Sixtus IV granted Cesare a release from the necessity of proving his birth in a papal bull of 1 October 1480.

Coming from modest beginnings in Savona, Liguria, the family rose to prominence through nepotism and ambitious marriages arranged by two Della Rovere popes, Francesco della Rovere, who ruled as Pope Sixtus IV ( 1471 – 1484 ) and his nephew Giuliano ( Pope Julius II, 1503 – 1513 ).

Pope Sixtus IV is known for having built the Sistine Chapel, which is named for him.

* 1521 – Pope Sixtus V ( d. 1590 )

" She is only a woman, only mistress of half an island ," marvelled Pope Sixtus V, " and yet she makes herself feared by Spain, by France, by the Empire, by all ".

The Spanish manuscript also contains a preface by one assuming the pseudonym ' Fra Marino ', claiming to have stolen a copy of the Italian version from the library of Pope Sixtus V. Fra Marino reports that, having a post in the Inquisition Court, he had come into possession of several works, which led him to believe that the Biblical text had been corrupted, and that genuine apostolic texts had been improperly excluded.

On 28 February 1476, Pope Sixtus IV, a Franciscan after whom the Sistine Chapel is named, authorized those dioceses that wished to introduce the feast to do so, and introduced it to his own diocese of Rome in 1477, with a specially composed Mass and Office of the feast.

In Rome, the papal collections were brought together by Pope Nicholas V, in separate Greek and Latin libraries, and housed by Pope Sixtus IV, who consigned the Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana to the care of his librarian, the humanist Bartolomeo Platina in February 1475.

In the 16th century Sixtus V bisected Bramante's Cortile del Belvedere with a cross-wing to house the Apostolic Library in suitable magnificence. The 16th and 17th centuries saw other privately endowed libraries assembled in Rome: the Vallicelliana, formed from the books of Saint Filippo Neri, with other distinguished libraries such as that of Cesare Baronio, the Biblioteca Angelica founded by the Augustinian Angelo Rocca, which was the only truly public library in Counter-Reformation Rome ; the Biblioteca Alessandrina with which Pope Alexander VII endowed the University of Rome ; the Biblioteca Casanatense of the Cardinal Girolamo Casanate ; and finally the Biblioteca Corsiniana founded by the bibliophile Clement XII Corsini and his nephew Cardinal Neri Corsini, still housed in Palazzo Corsini in via della Lungara. The Republic of Venice patronized the foundation of the Biblioteca Marciana, based on the library of Cardinal Basilios Bessarion. In Milan Cardinal Federico Borromeo founded the Biblioteca Ambrosiana.

** Saint Pope Pius V

* Pope Adrian V ( c. 1205 – 1276 )

In 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas, granting Afonso V the right to reduce " Saracens, pagans and any other unbelievers " to hereditary slavery.

As Pope Martin V supported Sforza, Alfonso switched religious allegiance to the Aragonese antipope Benedict XIII.

The union was confirmed by Pope Paul V in 1606, at which time the congregation added the name of St. Barnabas to its title, adopted new constitutions, divided its houses into four provinces, two of them, St Clement's and St Pancras's, being in Rome.

* 1314 – Pope Clement V ( b. 1264 )

Pope Martin V protested in vain against the inscription on the sarcophagus: " John the former pope ".

This Felix was later confused with a Roman martyr named Felix, with the result that he was included in lists of the Popes as Felix II and that the succeeding Popes of the same name ( Pope Felix III and Pope Felix IV ) were given wrong numerals, as was Antipope Felix V.

While Pope Stephen V supported Guy, crowning him Roman Emperor in 891, Arnulf threw his support behind Berengar.

By the time of Pope Martin V their signature was made essential to the validity of the acts of the chancery ; and they obtained in course of time many important privileges.

Pope Martin V ( Constit.

Pope Paul V, who in early manhood was a member of the College ( Const.

* Pope Celestine V ( 1215 – 96, r. 1294 )

* Pope Urban V ( 1310 – 70, r. 1362 – 70 )

He received some votes in the 1605 conclaves which elected Pope Leo XI, Pope Paul V, and in 1621 when Pope Gregory XV was elected, but only in the second conclave of 1605 was he papabile.

Under Pope Paul V ( reigned 1605 – 1621 ), a major conflict arose between Venice and the Papacy.

* Regimini militantis Ecclesiae was the papal bull promulgated by Pope Paul III on September 27, 1540, which gave a first approval to the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits, but limited the number of its members to sixty.

Pope Innocent III had always planned to gather an ecumenical council because of the limited results of the Third Crusade and the bitter results of the Fourth Crusade, which had led to the capture of Constantinople and large parts of the Byzantine Empire.

In the 17th century, under the orders of Pope Paul V, the Secret Archives were separated from the Vatican Library, where scholars had some very limited access to them, and remained absolutely closed to outsiders until 1881, when Pope Leo XIII opened them to researchers, more than a thousand of whom now examine its documents each year.

In contrast, the revision by Pope Pius XII, though limited to the liturgy of only five days of the Church's year, was much bolder, requiring changes even to canon law, which until then had prescribed that, with the exception of Midnight Mass for Christmas, Mass should not begin more than one hour before dawn or later than one hour after midday.

The pope is elected in the Conclave, composed of all the cardinal electors ( now limited to all the cardinals below the age of 80 ), after the death or resignation of the previous Pope.

Maximilian's power was very limited ; it was inability rather than unwillingness that prevented him from yielding to the entreaties of Pope Pius V to join in an attack on the Turks both before and after the victory of Lepanto in 1571 ; and he remained inert while the authority of the empire in north-eastern Europe was threatened.

The brewery opened in 1881, and was run by a limited company-Eldridge Pope Limited-following the incorporation of that company on 2 March 1898.

The maximum number of cardinals was limited to twenty-four, and any new Pope was to be limited to only one cardinal-nephew.

To humans it appears to be evil and imperfect in many ways ; however, Pope points out that this is due to our limited mindset and limited intellectual capacity.

Cardinal Wolsey had obtained a Papal Bull from the Pope, authorising some limited reforms in the English Church as early as 1518, but reformers ( both conservative and radical ) had become increasingly frustrated at their lack of progress.

For many, the 1961 withdrawal of Pope Gregory XVI's 1837 authorization of liturgical veneration of Saint Philomena in a limited number of places ( which was not an official declaration that she never existed nor that she is not a saint ) merely means that the situation has returned to that existing before 1837, when in many places there was fervent devotion to her, accompanied only by vague speculation about the circumstances of her life and death or by belief in the revelations of the Neapolitan nun.

Originally, the Pope himself carried the cross from station to station, but in his last years when age and infirmity limited his strength, John Paul presided over the celebration from a stage on the Palatine Hill, while others carried the cross.

Universi Dominici Gregis placed that task in the hands of the College of Cardinals ( although this power of government is extremely limited, being merely enough to allow Church institutions to continue to operate and perform some basic functions without making any definitive decisions or appointments that are normally reserved to other powers delegated by the Pope ).

In the 17th century, under the orders of Pope Paul V, the Secret Archives were separated from the Vatican Library, where scholars had some very limited access to them, and remained absolutely closed to outsiders until 1881, when Pope Leo XIII opened them to researchers, more than a thousand of whom now examine its documents each year.

Regimini militantis Ecclesiae ( Latin for To the Government of the Church Militant ) was the papal bull promulgated by Pope Paul III on September 27, 1540, which gave a first approval to the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits, but limited the number of its members to sixty.

In 1970, Pope Paul VI limited the electors to cardinals under 80 years of age.

In 1587, Pope Sixtus V limited the maximum number of cardinals to 70, following the precedent of Moses who was assisted by 70 elders in governing the Children of Israel: six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons.

The modern conception of the papal election as the exclusive provenance of the College of Cardinals dates to Pope Nicholas II's 1059 bull In Nomine Domini, which limited suffrage to the cardinal-bishops.

A frequent choice of conclavist was the brother or nephew of the cardinal elector, until Pope Pius IV ( 1559-1565 ) banned this practice .< Ref name =" b72 "/> Pius IV issued a apostolic constitution on the subject of conclavists ; he limited cardinals to two conclavists, except for princes and the most senior cardinals, whom he permitted three.