Weber's 1876 Christmas presents to his parents, when he was thirteen years old, were two historical essays entitled " About the course of German history, with special reference to the positions of the Emperor and the Pope ," and " About the Roman Imperial period from Constantine to the migration of nations.

The Polos returned to Kubilai ( seated, right ) in 1275 with a letter and presents from Pope Gregory X.

The history of the manuscript begins 1587 when the censor Andrea de Monte ( d. 1587 ) bequeathed it to Ugo Boncompagni — which presents an oddity, since Boncompagni, better known as Pope Gregory XIII, died in 1585.

The Liber Pontificalis presents a list that makes Pope Linus the second in the line of bishops of Rome, with Peter as first ; but at the same time it states that Peter ordained two bishops, Linus and Pope Cletus, for the priestly service of the community, devoting himself instead to prayer and preaching, and that it was to Clement that he entrusted the Church as a whole, appointing him as his successor.

All of what it presents as letters of pre-Nicene popes, beginning with Clement, are forgeries, as are some of the documents that it attributes to councils ; and more than forty falsifications are found in the decretals that it gives as those of post-Nicene popes from Pope Sylvester I ( 314 – 335 ) to Pope Gregory II ( 715 – 731 ).

Nevertheless, Henry sent the Roman envoys back to Rome with presents to prepare for the arrival of their new Pope.

Her collection of essays Men in Dark Times presents intellectual biographies of some creative and moral figures of the 20th century, such as Walter Benjamin, Karl Jaspers, Rosa Luxemburg, Hermann Broch, Pope John XXIII, and Isak Dinesen.

Bunyan presents a decrepit and harmless giant to confront Christian at the end of the Valley of the Shadow of Death that is explicitly named " Pope ": Now I saw in my Dream, that at the end of this Valley lay blood, bones, ashes, and mangled bodies of men, even of Pilgrims that had gone this way formerly: And while I was musing what should be the reason, I espied a little before me a Cave, where two Giants, Pope and Pagan, dwelt in old times, by whose Power and Tyranny the Men whose bones, blood ashes, & c. lay there, were cruelly put to death.

On the right side is the low relief Cardinal Consalvi presents to Pope Pius VII the five provinces restored to the Holy See ( 1824 ) made by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen.

The Pope presents the pallia to them on the Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul, the Holy Apostles ; they are blessed by the Pope on the Feast of Saint Agnes, January 21.

The traditionalists ' Papal Oath is addressed to Jesus Christ, and presents the Pope as his successor, as Vicar of God, endowed with a power of revelation ( not just of maintaining an existing revelation ) on a par ( or almost ) with Christ's, and as a " successor " of Tradition.

Pope says that Tonson obtained portraits from Kneller without payment by flattering him and sending him presents of venison and wine.

Pope Felix IV presents Sts Cosmas and Damian with the basilica he consecration | rededicated to them.

He claims this is in keeping with a statement of Pope Pius XII regarding the evils that television presents to Catholics.

On Friday, April 20, 2007 Pope Benedict XVI, abolished the whole idea saying he " showed doubt about the concept of limbo ".

Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ) was vehemently against the idea of a council, agreeing with Francis I of France.

Whatever the true motive, the idea of a contract between King and people was advanced to the Pope as an excuse for Bruce's coronation whilst John de Balliol still lived in Papal custody.

Neither was amenable to the idea, but Pope Clement persisted, and in 1306 he invited both Grand Masters to France to discuss the matter.

A man fond above all of asceticism and religious celebrations, according to Cardinal Lambertini ( later Pope Benedict XIV ) he " did not have any idea about how to rule ".

Pope Gregory IX considered, but did not put into effect, the idea of extending this missal, as revised by the Franciscans, to the whole Western Church ; and in 1277 Pope Nicholas III ordered it to be accepted in all churches in the city of Rome.

The Note was thus added by papal authority, consistently with the idea that the consent of the Pope, as head of the College of Bishops was necessary, and that he had the " right to make his consent dependent on an interpretation determined in advance ".

Pope Pius IX had condemned the idea of abstract religious freedom.

The Pope even considered moving his residence to Trieste or Salzburg, two cities in Austria, an idea which the Austrian monarch Franz Josef I gently rejected.

However, certain ideas tinged with Jansenism remained in circulation for much longer ; in particular, the Jansenist idea that Holy Communion should be received very infrequently, and that reception required much more than freedom from mortal sin, remained influential until finally condemned by Pope St. Pius X, who endorsed frequent communion, as long as the communicant was free of mortal sin, in the early 20th century.

Marcel Fournier, Denis Defforey and Jacques Defforey had attended several seminars in the United States led by " the Pope of retail " Bernardo Trujillo, who influenced them to move forward with Carrefour idea.

The original idea of the opera came from Jonathan Swift, who wrote to Alexander Pope on 30 August 1716 asking "... what think you, of a Newgate pastoral among the thieves and whores there?

Twining also notes the various allegorical meanings attributed to the three crowns of the papal tiara, but concludes that " it seems more likely that the symbolism is suggested by the idea that took shape in the 13th and 14th centuries that the Emperor was crowned with three crowns -- the silver crown of Germany at Aix-la-Chapelle, the iron crown of Lombardy at Milan or Monza and the golden imperial crown at Rome and therefore the Pope, too, should wear three crowns.

It is commonly stated that Pope Boniface VIII instituted the first Christian Jubilee in the year 1300, and it is certain that this is the first celebration of which we have any precise record, but it is also certain that the idea of solemnizing a fiftieth anniversary was familiar to medieval writers, no doubt through their knowledge of the Bible, long before that date.

It conforms to an idea of a globe envisioned in 1475 by Pope Sixtus IV, but has the added improvements of meridians and an equatorial line.

The original idea for the First Crusade that had been preached by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095 had already turned into a much different popular movement, led by Peter the Hermit.

The idea subsequently developed into the establishment of a missionary college, or seminary, to supply priests to the Kingdom of England, as long as England remained separated from the Pope and the See of Rome.

Pope stated he got the idea for the format and these gory stories from seeing people congregate around auto accidents.

Pope pioneered the idea of selling magazines at supermarket checkouts.

This idea made its appearance as early as the reign of Philip the Fair, in some of the protests of that monarch against the policy of Pope Boniface VIII.

He claims that the founder of Templars Hugh de Payns was married to a sister of the Duke of Champaine ( Henri de St. Clair ), who was a powerful broker of the first Crusade and had the political power to nominate the Pope, and to suggest the idea and empower it to the Pope.

Marko was Orthodox Christian, so the Pope wasn't supportive of the marriage and Vuk had mettled around the affair, so Tvrtko gave up of the idea.

At the end of this period two pious Christians in Rome receive the revelation which leads them to seek the next Pope on the rock.

-- Indonesia Military Supreme Court has confirmed the death sentence passed on Alan Lawrence Pope, an American pilot.

There are a great many bishops who have never had a cross on their bosom, nor a mitre on their head, who appeal not to the authority of the Pope at Rome, but to the Almighty Dollar, a pope much nearer home.

Pope Leo 13, on the 13th day of December 1898, granted the following indulgences: `` An indulgence of three hundred days is granted to all the Faithful who read the Holy Gospels at least a quarter of an hour.

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, an Allocution is a solemn form of address or speech from the throne employed by the Pope on certain occasions.

Protracted conflict through the seventeenth century with more radical Protestants on the one hand and Roman Catholics who still recognised the primacy of the Pope on the other, resulted in an association of churches that were both deliberately vague about doctrinal principles, yet bold in developing parameters of acceptable deviation.

Angilbert delivered the document on Iconoclasm from the Frankish Synod of Frankfurt to Pope Adrian I, and was later sent on three important embassies to the pope, in 792, 794 and 796.

In 1884, he was created by Pope Leo XIII Archbishop of Caesarea in partibus and sent to India as an Apostolic Delegate to report on the establishment of the hierarchy there.

He was canonized and proclaimed a Doctor of the Church on December 16, 1931 by Pope Pius XI and patron saint of the sciences.

Only the death of Stephen, the great hospodar of Moldavia, enabled Poland still to hold her own on the Danube River ; while the liberality of Pope Julius II, who issued no fewer than 29 bulls in favor of Poland and granted Alexander Peter's Pence and other financial help, enabled him to restrain somewhat the arrogance of the Teutonic Order.

Hippolytus of Rome ( d. 235 ) is commonly considered to be the earliest antipope, as he headed a separate group within the Church in Rome against Pope Callixtus I. Hippolytus was reconciled to Callixtus's second successor, Pope Pontian, and both he and Pontian are honoured as saints by the Roman Catholic Church with a shared feast day on 13 August.

In 1204 his doctrines were condemned by the university, and, on a personal appeal to Pope Innocent III, the sentence was ratified, Amalric being ordered to return to Paris and recant his errors.

He was next sent by the Pope to the Emperor Sigismund to ask his aid in the pope's efforts to end this Council, which for five years had been encroaching on papal prerogatives.

The Pope transferred the Council from Basel to Ferrara on 18 September 1437.

The new Pope takes on the regnal name Benedict XVI.

Pope Martin V protested in vain against the inscription on the sarcophagus: " John the former pope ".

The first Archbishop of Canterbury was St Augustine ( not to be confused with St Augustine of Hippo ), who arrived in Kent in 597 AD, having been sent by Pope Gregory I on a mission to the English.

Arnulf was greeted at the Ponte Milvio by the Roman Senate who escorted him into the Leonine City, where he was received by Pope Formosus on the steps of the Santi Apostoli.

By decree of pope Leo X they were created papal nobles, ranking as Comes palatinus (' Count Palatine '), familiars and members of the papal household, so that they might enjoy all the privileges of domestic prelates and of prelates in actual attendance on the Pope, as regards plurality of benefices as well as expectives.

High medieval sources mention the assassination of King Demetrius Zvonimir ( 1089 ), dying at the hands of his own people, who objected to a proposition by the Pope to go on a campaign to aid the Byzantines against the Seljuk Turks.

During Pope Shenouda III's visit to Rome from 4 to 10 May 1973, Pope Paul VI gave the Coptic Patriarch a relic of Athanasius, which he brought back to Egypt on 15 May.