Popper argued that totalitarianism was founded on " conspiracy theories " which drew on imaginary plots driven by paranoid scenarios predicated on tribalism, chauvinism, or racism.

The Austrian-English philosopher Karl Popper attacked a peculiar version of historicism along with the ( hard ) determinism which he argued were at its root.

In The Open Society and its Enemies ( 1945 ), Karl Popper argued that the principle ' maximize pleasure ' should be replaced by ' minimize pain '.

The actual term Negative Utilitarianism was introduced by R. N. Smart as the title to his 1958 reply to Popper in which he argued that the principle would entail seeking the quickest and least painful method of killing the entirety of humanity.

The philosopher of science Elliott Sober once argued along the same lines as Popper, tying simplicity with " informativeness ": The simplest theory is the more informative one, in the sense that less information is required in order to answer one's questions.

Popper argued that the central property of science is falsifiability ( i. e. all scientific claims can be proven false, at least in principle, and if no such proof can be found despite sufficient effort then the claim is likely true ).

Karl Popper argued that probability theory alone cannot account for induction.

However, Karl Popper argued that a number statement such as " 2 apples + 2 apples

In his discussion with Albert Einstein, Karl Popper argued against determinism:

Popper argued that justification is not needed at all, and seeking justification " begs for an authoritarian answer ".

Billionaire investor and political activist George Soros, a disciple of Karl Popper, has argued that the sophisticated use of powerful techniques of deception borrowed from modern advertising and cognitive science by political operatives such as Frank Luntz and Karl Rove casts doubt on Popper's original conception of open society.

The proposal originated with Frank J. Popper and Deborah Popper, who argued in a 1987 essay that the current use of the drier parts of the plains is not sustainable.

At the end of his lectures, Carr criticized a number of conservative / liberal historians and philosophers such as Hugh Trevor-Roper, Sir Karl Popper, Admiral Samuel Eliot Morison, Sir Lewis Bernstein Namier and Michael Oakeshott, and argued that " progress " in the world was against them.

To say that a set of generating conditions has propensity p of producing the outcome E means that those exact conditions, if repeated indefinitely, would produce an outcome sequence in which E occurred with limiting relative frequency p. For Popper then, a deterministic experiment would have propensity 0 or 1 for each outcome, since those generating conditions would have same outcome on each trial.

Popper himself used the now famous example of, " All swans are white ," and proposed that just one observation of a single black swan would falsify this proposition and in this way have general significance and stimulate further investigations and theory-building.

People would say that she was much influenced by Karl Popper or Frederick Hayek.

Although a third series was ruled out, Robert Popper stated that he and Serafinowicz would do another project together, saying: " Sad news is we are not making a third series of Look Around You, but hope to make a new series of something else silly some time.

Carr ended his book with the predication that " progress " would sweep away everything that Popper, Morision, Namier, Trever-Roper and Oakeshott believed in the 20th century just the same way that " progress " swept away the Catholic Church's opposition to Galileo Galilei's astronomical theories in the 17th century.

Popper thought that falsifiability was a better criterion because it did not invite the philosophical problems inherent in verifying an inductive inference, and it allowed statements from the physical sciences which seemed scientific but which did not satisfy the verification criterion.

In contrast to Positivism, which held that statements are meaningless if they cannot be verified or falsified, Popper claimed that falsifiability is merely a special case of the more general notion of criticizability, even though he admitted that empirical refutation is one of the most effective methods by which theories can be criticized.

For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper and, in 1982, said that " ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology.

Each episode follows a general format, beginning with an introduction to the subject, followed by a series of silly experiments performed by the hapless ( and normally mute ) scientists, played by Popper, Serafinowicz and Edgar Wright, among others.

Hayek had a long-standing and close friendship with philosopher of science Karl Popper, also from Vienna.

In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, " I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski.

* Karl Popper from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

* Sound recordings from the Sir Karl R. Popper papers at the Hoover Institution Archives.

In the mid-20th century, Karl Popper put forth the criterion of falsifiability to distinguish science from nonscience.

Unlike myth, which is a means of explaining the natural world through means other than logical criticism, scientific tradition was inherited from Socrates, who proposed critical discussion, according to Popper.

5-gram gold coin from Tierra del Fuego by Julius Popper.

separates into, which as Popper says, " is the logically strongest part of ( or of the content of ) that follows from ," and, which, he says, " contains all of that goes beyond.

Antonín Dvořák ’ s cello concerto ranks among the supreme examples from the Romantic era while those of Robert Schumann, Carl Reinecke, David Popper, and Julius Klengel focus on the lyrical qualities of the instrument.

A prime example of the European tradition is Jean-Paul Sartre's Critique of Dialectical Reason, which is very different from the works of Popper, whose philosophy was for a time highly influential in the UK where he resided ( see below ).

* Popper, a ball that rises sharply from the pitch when bowled (' pops up ') in cricket

5-gram gold coin from Tierra del Fuego by Julius Popper.

Karl Popper, in The Open Society and Its Enemies, proposed a negative utilitarianism, which prioritizes the reduction of suffering over the enhancement of happiness when speaking of utility: " I believe that there is, from the ethical point of view, no symmetry between suffering and happiness, or between pain and pleasure.

In 1873, Popper resigned from his post at the Hofoper so as to continue his tours with his wife on a larger scale, giving concerts throughout Europe.

Hamilton released Foreststorn in 2001 featuring Euphoria with Cary DeNigris on guitar, Paul Ramsey on bass, and a new two horn front line featuring Eric Lawrence on alto and soprano saxes and Evan Schwam on tenor sax, as well as special guest appearances from former band members Arthur Blythe, Steve Turre and his wife Akua Dixon, Eric Person, former Spin Doctors guitarist Eric Schenkman ( a student of Chico's ), Blues Traveler front man John Popper ( also a student of Chico's ), and Charlie Watts of The Rolling Stones.

Epistemology, the theory of knowledge, and its basis was a central concern, as seen from the work of Heidegger, Russell, Karl Popper, and Claude Lévi-Strauss.

Contrary to major Plato scholars of his day, Popper divorced Plato's ideas from those of Socrates, claiming that the former in his later years expressed none of the humanitarian and democratic tendencies of his teacher.

He vigorously promoted his instruments through advertising and obtained endorsements from many famous musicians of the day, including Joseph Joachim, Eugène Ysaÿe, David Popper, and August Wilhelmj.

* the views and policies of the Open Society Institute, since they explicitly claim to derive from the principles of a major liberal philosopher, Karl Popper.

After graduating from high school, the group's members all moved to New York City, where Popper enrolled in The New School for Social Research along with two of his bandmates and high school friend Chris Barron.

* Joachim Edler von Popper ( 1720 – 1795 ), court agent and lessee of the tobacco monopoly from the Habsburgs.