Whenever dialogue was written in a Prakrit, the reader would also be provided with a Sanskrit translation.

or earlier, Influences of other languages such as Prakrit and Pali can also be found in Kannada language.

Persian Shah should not be confused with the Indian family name of Shah prevalent in Western India which is also derived from Sanskrit but from a different word Sadhu and the Prakrit word Sahu.

Kanishka also had the original Gandhari vernacular, or Prakrit, Buddhist texts translated into the language of Hybrid Sanskrit.

Some scholars consider that the Buddhist use of sūtra is a mis-Sanskritization of Prakrit or Pali sutta, and that the latter represented Sanskrit sūkta, " well spoken ", " good news " ( as the Buddha himself refers to his speech in his first sermon ; compare the original meaning of Gospel ), which would also resolve as sutta in Pali.

Sanskrit language division also collects and processes Pali and Prakrit books.

The later Indo-Aryan and Dravidian settlers also adopted anthill worship, which was translated into Prakrit Santara.

They also worshipped the mother earth by the name of Bhumika in Prakrit.

It also has priceless artifacts and over 3, 000 ancient manuscripts in Persian, Sanskrit and Prakrit, mostly on paper but some on palm leaf.

Under the patronage of the Satavahana Empire, Maharashtri became the most widespread Prakrit of its time, and also dominated the literary culture amongst the three " Dramatic " Prakrits of the time, Maharashtri, Sauraseni and Magadhi.

Chief among these is Ardha Magadhi, which due to its extensive use has also come to be identified as the definitive form of Prakrit.

This is also supported by manuscripts No 7763 and 7777, described in the Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit MSS, in the Library of India Office, Vol II, part II.

The Prakrit speaking immigrants from North India-Prince Vijaya and his followers, also joined with the Hindu Tamils.

* Siddhasena Divākara ( 5th Century CE ), Jain logician and author of important works in Sanskrit and Prakrit, such as, Nyāyāvatāra ( on Logic ) and Sanmatisūtra ( dealing with the seven Jaina standpoints, knowledge and the objects of knowledge )

Zvelebil in his earlier treatise ( Zvelebil 1975: p53 ) states, " It is obvious that the Sanskrit, Pali damila, and Prakrit are all etymologically connected with " and further remarks " The r in > is a hypercorrect insertion, cf.

The Pali language ( the liturgical Prakrit language of Theravada Buddhism ) tends to be treated as a special exception from the variants of the Ardhamagadhi language, as Classical Sanskrit grammars do not consider it as a Prakrit per se, presumably for sectarian rather than linguistic reasons.

The word Prakrit itself has a flexible definition, being defined sometimes as " original, natural, artless, normal, ordinary, usual ", or " vernacular ", in contrast to the literary and religious orthodoxy of Sanskrit.

Prakrit is foremost a native term, designating " vernaculars " as opposed to Sanskrit.

Some scholars restrict the use of the term " Prakrit " to the languages used by Hindu and Jain writers only ; others include the Buddhist languages, such as Pali and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, and the inscriptional Prakrits.

* Deshpande, Madhav, Sanskrit & Prakrit, sociolinguistic issues.

In addition to the standard characters, six characters taken from the Grantha script, which was used in the Tamil region to write Sanskrit, are sometimes used to represent sounds not native to Tamil, that is, words adopted from Sanskrit, Prakrit and other languages.

The scholar Iravatham Mahadevan proved that Kannada was already a language of rich oral tradition earlier than 3rd century B. C., and based on the native Kannada words found in Prakrit and Sanskrit inscriptions of that period, Kannada must have been spoken by a widespread and stable populations.

The sources of influence on Kannada grammar appear to be three-fold ; Panini's grammar, non-Paninian schools of Sanskrit grammar, particularly Katantra and Sakatayana schools, and Prakrit grammar.

Kannada phoenetics, morphology, vocabulory, grammar and syntax shows significant Sanskrit and Prakrit influence.

Some examples of naturalised ( tatbhava ) words of Prakrit origin in Kannada are baṇṇa derived from vaṇṇa, arasu ( king ), and from Sanskrit, varṇa ( color ), hunnime ( new moon ) from puṇṇivā, paurṇimā ( full moon ), and rāya from rāja ( king ).

The change of the dental / rt / to a retroflex / ṭ / with concomitant vowel lengthening is a normal sound change for the Prakrit languages descended from Sanskrit.

Along with other Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, Assamese evolved circa 1000 – 1200 AD from the Magadhi Prakrit, which developed from a dialect or group of dialects that were close to, but different from, Vedic and Classical Sanskrit. Its sister languages include Bengali, Chittagonian, Sylheti ( Cilôţi ), Oriya, the Bihari languages. It is written with the Assamese script.

Max Muller points out that in the Dhamapada, Buddha etymologizes the word " Bahama ", the Prakrit form of " Brahmana ", by playing off the Sanskrit / Prakrit etymon-bra.

word Ayya as a Prakrit version of the Sanskrit word Aryā which means ' noble '.

* the simplification of consonant clusters and geminate consonants into geminates and single consonants respectively ( e. g. Sanskrit " time " > Sinhala Prakrit > Modern Sinhala )

There are several cases of vocabulary doublets, e. g. the words mässā (" fly ") and mäkkā (" flea "), which both correspond to Sanskrit but stem from two regionally different Prakrit words macchiā and makkhikā ( as in Pali ).

The most notable Prakrit languages were the Jain Prakrit ( Ardhamagadhi ), Pali, Maharashtri and Shauraseni.

Many of them spoke Indo-Aryan Prakrit vernacular languages, akin to Vedic Sanskrit, still some spoke Dravidian, Desi dialects. Thus the ancient of Konkani Prakrit was born as a confluence of the Indo-Aryan dialects while accepting many words from the Dravidian speech. Some linguists associate Shauraseni to be its progenitor whereas some call it Paisaci. The influence of Paisachi over Konkani can be proved from the findings of Dr. Taraporewala who, in his book Elements of Science of Languages, Calcutta University, he ascertains that Konkani shows many Dardic features which are found in present day Kashmiri language.

: णव nine. Archaic Konkani born out of Shauraseni vernacular Prakrit at the earlier stage of the evolution and later Maharashtri prakrit, commonly spoken until 875 CE at its later phase ultimately developed into Apabhramsha which could be called as predecessor old Konkani.

A Dramatic Prakrit, Shauraseni was the chief language used in drama in northern medieval India.

Kamarupi Prakrit ( Sanskrit: क ा मर ु प ी प ् र ा क ृ त ) ( Assamese: ক া মৰ ূ প ী প ্ ৰ া ক ৃ ত ) ( Bengali: ক া মর ূ প ী প ্ র া ক ৃ ত ) was the Prakrit language and Apabhramsa used in Kamarupa kingdom.

The word प ा डव ा( pāḍavā ) or प ा डव ो( pāḍavo ) comes from the Prakrit word पड ् ड ् व ा/ प ा ड ् ड ् व ो( pāḍḍavā / pāḍḍavo ), which stands for the first day of the bright phase of the moon called प ् रत ि पद ा ( pratipadā ) in Sanskrit.

Maharastri or Maharastri Prakrit, SIL: Mahārāṣṭri Prākrit ( Marathi, Konkani: मह ा र ा ष ् ट ् र ी प ् र ा क ृ त ), is a language of ancient and medieval India which is the ancestor of Marathi, Konkani, Sinhala and the Divehi as well.

The word sari is derived from Sanskrit श ा ट ी which means ' strip of cloth ' and श ा ड ी or स ा ड ी in Prakrit, and which was corrupted to in Hindi.

The word derives from Hindi cāṭ च ा ट ( tasting, a delicacy ), from cāṭnā च ा टन ा ( to lick ), from Prakrit caṭṭei चट ् ट े इ ( to devour with relish, eat noisily ).

* It is derived from Ayya, a Prakrit version of the Sanskrit word Arya, along with the Telugu honorific plural suffix garu.

Similarly, inscriptions found in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka State are in Prakrit and not in Telugu or Kannada.

Another school of thought is that Telugu is Vikriti, that is a language formed by modification of Sanskrit and Prakrit.

Apparently Andhras adopted a form of Prakrit which, in course of development, became the immediate ancestor of Telugu literature.

There is no known Telugu literature prior to the eleventh century CE: all of the inscriptions before this period are written either in Sanskrit or Prakrit.

Until his time, Telugu literature was based on Prakrit and lacked grammar.

* Rallapalli Anantha Krishna Sharma-Meerabai ( 1913 ), Taradevi ( 1911 ) ( both Khanda Kavya ’ s ), Natakopanyasamulu, Vemana ( 1928 – 29 ), Saraswatalokamu ( 1954 ) ( critical review articles ), Shalivahana Gathasaptashathi Saramu ( translation of the Prakrit work into Telugu ) ( 1932 ), Chayapa Senaniya, Nrita Ratnavali ( Translation into Telugu ) 1969, Arya ( Translation of Sundara Pandya ’ s Sanskrit work in Telugu ) 1970.