Previous Holy Roman Emperors had thought it their right, granted by God, to name the Pope, as well as other Church officials, such as bishops.

Previous authors ( Homer ) only use words such as pheres ( cf.

Previous darknets, such as WASTE, have been limited to relatively small disconnected networks.

Previous organizations such as the Mattachine Society, the Daughters of Bilitis, and various homophile groups had masked their purpose by deliberately choosing obscure names.

Previous simulator training did not properly reflect " the actual large build-up in sideslip angle and sideloads that would accompany such rudder inputs in an actual airplane ", according to the NTSB final report.

Previous to Kodak's announcement, the stock had been supplied by third-party vendors such as Pro8mm and Spectra Film and Video in the United States, and Witter Kinotechnik in Germany.

Previous researchers, such as Keating, 1985 have found that people with angry face expression were perceived as powerful and as in a high social position.

Previous belt-like systems, such as used for half-tracks in World War II, were not as strong, and during military actions were easily damaged.

Previous Saatchi Gallery shows had included such major figures as Warhol, Guston, Alex Katz, Serra, Kiefer, Polke, Richter and many more.

Previous promises by fab 7 management such as challenge 750 in 2008 whereupon the fab had to reduce its cost per wafer from $ 1000 to $ 750 were indeed achieved by fab 7 with a concluding promise that if this was met then a large investment would be accorded to fab 7.

Previous materials, such as Autochrome and Dufaycolor, had used the additive screenplate methods.

Previous shows have included famous artists such as Sir Peter Blake and Patrick Caulfield.

Previous marketing campaigns have featured slogans such as " Now it gets interesting.

Previous to Light's landmark study, which was based on work by Chandrasekhar, investigators unsuccessfully attempted to use other criteria, such as specific gravity, pH, and protein content of the fluid, to differentiate between transudates and exudates.

Previous searches for gravitational waves in space were conducted for short periods by planetary missions that had other primary science objectives ( such as Cassini – Huygens ), using microwave Doppler tracking to monitor fluctuations in the Earth-spacecraft distance.

Previous versions of Windows used files such as < tt > AUTOEXEC. BAT </ tt >, < tt > CONFIG. SYS </ tt >, < tt > WIN. INI </ tt >, < tt > SYSTEM. INI </ tt > and other files with an < tt >. INI </ tt > extension to maintain configuration settings.

Previous space missions to comets, such as Giotto and Stardust, were fly-by missions.

Previous attractions such as elephant rides, miniature trains, monkey circus and merry-go-round gave way to educational facilities such as Friendship Farm and Seal theatre.

Previous versions of precoolers such as HOTOL put the hydrogen fuel directly through the precooler, but inserting a helium cooling loop between the air and the cold fuel avoids problems with hydrogen embrittlement in the air precooler.

Previous missions to the outer planets such as Voyager and Galileo probe have relied on radioisotope thermoelectric generators ( RTG's ) as their primary power source.

Previous products made via armory practices, such as fire arms, sewing machines, etc.

Previous front-wheel drive American cars such as the Cord 810, Cadillac Eldorado and Oldsmobile Toronado were low volume luxury cars.

Previous written-for-television efforts such as Stranger from Space ( 1951 – 52 ) were aimed at children, whereas adult entries into the genre were adapted from literary sources, such as R. U. R.

Previous flights were gliders ( control but no power ) or free flight ( power but no control ), but the Wright brothers combined both, setting the new standard in aviation records.

Previous generations of CPUs were implemented as discrete components and numerous small integrated circuits ( ICs ) on one or more circuit boards.

Previous schemes for color television systems, which were incompatible with existing monochrome receivers, transmitted RGB signals in various ways.

Previous editions of War and Remembrance, The Bloodstone Hunt, Operation Rebirth, Man Without a Country, and To Serve and Protect were released prior to new 2010 editions leading up to the Captain America: The First Avenger feature film.

Previous events were held in the Market Square Arena or the RCA Dome, but given the new stadium built for the Indianapolis Colts, Lucas Oil Stadium began hosting Final Four events in 2010.

Previous releases were identified only by the release number prefixed by " 4D1 -", e. g. " 4D1-2. 2 ".

Previous attempts by the U. S. Military to replace the M16 were unsuccessful or only supplemented it.

Previous head designs were needle-shaped and tended to shred the tape.

Previous kinds of conflict were demoted to criminal activities without legitimacy and not worthy of the label " war.

Previous algorithms cast rays from the eye into the scene until they hit an object, but the rays were traced no further.

Previous uses were for the making of tetraethyllead and titanium metal ; because applications for these chemicals were discontinued, the production of sodium declined after 1970.

Previous attempts by Valve Software with the Half-Life series, Ritual Entertainment with SiN Episodes and Telltale Games themselves with Bone were for a variety of reasons not considered successful implementations of the distribution model.

Previous governors were appointed by the President of the United States.

Previous studies, which were focused mainly on lions from eastern and southern parts of Africa, already showed these can be possibly divided in two main clades: one to the west of the Great Rift Valley and the other to the east.

Previous telegraph lines were overland or shorter, hence had less delay and the need for extra inductance was not so great.

Previous logic had dealt with the logical constants and, or, if ... then ..., not, and some and all, but iterations of these operations, especially " some " and " all ", were little understood: even the distinction between a pair of sentences like " every boy loves some girl " and " some girl is loved by every boy " was able to be represented only very artificially, whereas Frege's formalism had no difficulty expressing the different readings of " every boy loves some girl who loves some boy who loves some girl " and similar sentences, in complete parallel with his treatment of, say, " every boy is foolish ".

Previous to a change in procedure, all responses to on-line articles were usually published in " The Inbox ".

Previous place name lists were derived from systems ( usually mapping and GIS systems ) that could not handle macrons.

* Previous DTM ( 1984 – 1994 ) then turned to ITCC by fia in 1995, based in heavily modifield cars, began to be too expensive and due to retilrement from Opel and Alfa Romeo the ITCC series were cancelled in 1996.

Previous votes against a contestant were discounted in subsequent Tribal Councils.

Previous explanations of the prokaryotic circadian timekeeper were dependent upon a DNA transcription / translation feedback mechanism.

Previous abbreviations for the virus were EBOV-Z ( for Ebola virus Zaire ) and most recently ZEBOV ( for Zaire Ebola virus or Zaire ebolavirus ).