Previous studies, which were focused mainly on lions from eastern and southern parts of Africa, already showed these can be possibly divided in two main clades: one to the west of the Great Rift Valley and the other to the east.

Previous studies in psychology indicate that individuals are much more likely to follow through on tasks when they are monitored by others, rather than when they attempt to ‘ self-monitor .’ Financial coaches also provide encouragement and support, which may also facilitate goal attainment.

Previous studies in which solid hydrogen was compressed inside diamond anvils to pressures of up to, did not confirm detectable metallization.

Previous studies had shown a connection between this form of the gene and both obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism.

Previous molecular studies ( e. g. Sibley & Ahlquist 1990, Barker et al.

Previous studies have suggested that autistic individuals have an impaired theory of mind ( ToM ).

Previous research studies state that laser technology provides significantly less pain during the post-operative recovery of children, resulting in less sleep disturbance, decreased morbidity, and less need for medications.

Previous studies estimated that the cone is made of roughly equal amounts of tephra and lava, but Sutton's 1974 study found half as much tephra as expected.

Previous studies have shown that CB1 receptors located on the nerve cells in the gut respond to cannabinoids by slowing gut motility, therefore reducing the painful muscle contractions associated with diarrhoea.

Previous studies had shown that the amount of curvature in a claw corresponded to what lifestyle the animal has: animals with strongly curved claws of a certain shape tend to be climbers, while straighter claws indicate ground-dwelling lifestyles.

Previous studies have shown a motor recruitment during the observation of graspable objects.

Previous prizewinners include Thomas Alva Edison, for his investigations in electric lighting ; Enrico Fermi, for his studies of radiation theory and nuclear energy ; and Charles H. Townes, for his development of the laser.

Previous studies with infrared spectroscopes have provided evidence of small amounts of chemically or physically bound water.

Previous genetic studies of African savanna ungulates revealed the presence of a long-standing Pleistocene refugium in east and South Africa, which also includes the giant eland.

Previous studies allow the assumption that this prehispanic city submitted was occupied from the late preclassical horizon ( 200 BC ) to the early classic ( 0 to 200 AD ), which makes it one of the oldest cities of the country.

Previous studies have shown that Pak1 activation contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy through multiple mechanisms < sup > 28-33 </ sup >.

Previous studies have shown VEGF can stimulate proliferation of synthesis of collagen type 1 in activated myofibroblast-like cells.

Previous studies of CNH patients have verified the presence of lactic acid in cerebral spinal fluid.

Previous studies have shown that teaching a control group the method of loci leads to changes in brain activation during memorization.

Previous presentations have been on French, Spanish, Russian, Italian, German and Japanese.

Previous to this time, this area would have been referred to as physiological chemistry.

Previous radio flagships for the Orioles have been WCBM from 1954 to 1956, and again for the 1987 season ; and the now-defunct WFBR from 1979 through 1986.

Previous styles have included a series of fictional flags set to music between 1997 and 1999 before the major relaunch, incorporating the new contemporary music composed by David Lowe, and graphics developed by Lambie-Nairn.

Previous darknets, such as WASTE, have been limited to relatively small disconnected networks.

Previous split-cycle engines have had two major problems-poor breathing ( volumetric efficiency ) and low thermal efficiency.

Previous Prosecutors have been Ramón Escovar Salom of Venezuela ( 1993 – 1994 ), Richard Goldstone of South Africa ( 1994 – 1996 ), Louise Arbour of Canada ( 1996 – 1999 ), Eric Östberg of Sweden, and Carla Del Ponte of Switzerland ( 1999 – 2007 ), who until 2003, simultaneously served as the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda where she led the OTP since 1999.

Previous attempts have included Piece Of My Heart, which was to star Renée Zellweger or Brittany Murphy ; The Gospel According To Janis, with director Penelope Spheeris and starring either Zooey Deschanel or P! nk ; and an untitled film thought to be an adaptation of Laura Joplin's Off-Broadway play about her sister, with the show's star, Laura Theodore, attached.

Previous settings have included Denver and New York City with plans for season 4 to take place in Seattle.

Previous dating of some Kiore ( Polynesian rat ) bones at 50-150 CE has now been shown to have been unreliable ; new samples of bone ( and now also of unequivocally rat-gnawed woody seed cases ) match the 1280 CE date of the earliest archaeological sites and the beginning of sustained, anthropogenic deforestation.

Previous years ' guests have included Roger Clyne, John Doe, Neko Case, Ike Reilly, Ryan Bingham, Vermillion Lies, Jason Molina and Magnolia Electric Co, Built To Spill, Brant Bjork and the Bros, Clem Snide, Gram Rabbit and The Bellrays.

Previous Speakers have been minority leaders ( when the majority party changes, as they are already the House party leader, and as the minority leader is usually their party's nominee for speaker ), or majority leaders ( upon departure of the current speaker in the majority party ), assuming that the party leadership hierarchy is followed.

* Previous abnormality of glucose tolerance ( PrevAGT ) – A term for people who have had above-normal levels of blood glucose ( sugar ) when tested for diabetes in the past but who show as normal on a current test.

Previous locomotive boilers consisted of a single pipe surrounded by water ( though the Lancashire Witch did have twin flues ).

Previous researchers, such as Keating, 1985 have found that people with angry face expression were perceived as powerful and as in a high social position.

Previous Chancellors have opted for whisky ( Kenneth Clarke ), gin and tonic ( Geoffrey Howe ), brandy and water ( Benjamin Disraeli ), spritzer ( Nigel Lawson ) and sherry and beaten egg ( William Gladstone ).

Previous Masters of Trinity House have included the diarist Samuel Pepys and the Duke of Wellington, and Admiral William Penn ( father of William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania ).

Previous performances have included music by Beethoven, Dvořák, and Weber.

Previous fossil-based hypotheses that whales were directly descended from mesonychids have been largely overturned.

Previous trips have been Orlando, Florida and San Antonio, Texas.

Previous attempts to consolidate have been defeated.

* Previous Sikeston newspapers have included The Sikeston Star which was founded in 1884 ; The Sikeston Herald, a left-leaning Republican newspaper founded in 1903 or perhaps 1900 ; The Scott County Democrat and The Enterprise which was founded in 1883 and eventually became known as The Dexter Statesman ; and Delta Metro, a weekly news magazine, which was published from 1975 until 1977.

Previous generations of Intel's processors based on the Core microarchitecture do not have Hyper-Threading, because the Core microarchitecture is a descendant of the P6 microarchitecture used in iterations of Pentium since the Pentium Pro through the Pentium III and the Celeron ( Covington, Mendocino, Coppermine and Tualatin-based ) and the Pentium II Xeon and Pentium III Xeon models.