* 1954 – Ernst August, Prince of Hanover

A 5th century Prince of Burgundy was known both as Sigismund and Sigimund ( see Ernst Förstemann, Altdeutsche Personennamen, 1906 ; Henning Kaufmann, Altdeutsche Personennamen, Ergänzungsband, 1968 ).

***** HM The Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, King Ernst August I of Hanover ( 1771 – 1851 )

She was rewarded for this consistent success by being cast in Ernst Lubitsch's The Student Prince in Old Heidelberg, her first prestige production, with a budget of over $ 1, 000, 000.

Ernst Brinkmann of Münster University and Belgian genetics professor Jean-Jacques Cassiman of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, conducted mitochondrial DNA tests in 2000 using samples from Marie-Antoinette, her sisters Maria Johanna Gabriela and Maria Josepha, their mother, Maria Theresa, and two living direct descendants in strict maternal line of Maria Theresa, Queen Anne of Romania and her brother, Prince André de Bourbon Parme.

In 1621 he served with Prince Maurice of Nassau, in 1622 with Count Ernst von Mansfeld ( battle of Fleurus, 29 August 1622 ).

According to Ernst Wigforss, both Gustaf V and Prince Gustav Adolf attempted to persuade the Swedish Government to allow the Allies to transport troops through Sweden, though this was rejected by the Government because it was felt it would cause retributions from Germany.

Otto's cousins Max, Duke of Hohenberg, and Prince Ernst of Hohenberg were arrested in Vienna by the Gestapo and sent to Dachau concentration camp where they remained throughout the Nazi rule.

Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin ( Heinrich Wladimir Albrecht Ernst ; 19 April 1876 – 3 July 1934 ), later Prince Henry of the Netherlands, was prince consort of the Netherlands as the husband of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands.

* Princess Alexandra of Hanover, daughter of Princess Caroline and Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover

The current head of the House of Hanover is Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover.

# Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover, b. 1954

* Prince Christoph Ernst August of Hesse ( 1901 – 1943 ) married Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark, had issue.

* Prince William Alexander Ernst Frederick Casimir of the Netherlands Dutch: Willem Alexander Ernst Frederik Casimir ( Brussels ( per one source ) or Soestdijk Palace ( per another ), 21 May 1822 – Brussels, 22 October 1822 ).

On the other hand, the German aristocrat Ernst August, Prince of Hanover ( born 1954 ), a male-line descendant of George III of the United Kingdom, possesses no legal British name, titles or styles ( although he is entitled to re-claim the once-royal dukedom of Cumberland ), was born in the line of succession to the British crown and is bound by Britain's Royal Marriages Act 1772.

* Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia ( 1892 – 1980 ), daughter of Wilhelm II of Germany, married Ernst August, Prince of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick

Countess Augusta is the grandmother of many notable monarchs of Europe, including both Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom ( through her mother Victoria ) and her husband, Prince Albert ( through his father Ernst ), King Consort of Portugal Ferdinand II ( through his father Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ), and also Empress Carlota of Mexico and her brother Leopold II of Belgium ( through their father Leopold I who was elected King of the Belgians on 26 June 1831.

The last decisive case was the unsuccessful lawsuit of Prince Ernst August of Hanover in September 2006, when the Federal Administrative Court decided that the prince had no right to compensation for the disseized estates of the House of Hanover around Blankenburg Castle in Saxony-Anhalt.

# Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Victor Karl Ernst Christian August ( August 3, 1857-October 29, 1858 ).

This was first tested soon after World War II, when Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover ( pretender to the kingdom of Hanover as Ernest Augustus IV, father of the current pretender, Ernst August V ) successfully claimed British nationality on this basis after considerable litigation.

The present heir is Prince Ernst August of Hanover ( born 26 February 1954 ), great grandson of the 3rd Duke and current head of the House of Hanover.

* Ernst August III, Duke of Brunswick ( 1887 – 1953 ), eldest son of the last Crown Prince and son-in-law of German Emperor William II.

* Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover ( b 1954 ), eldest son of Ernest Augustus IV

* Louise Victoire Marie Amélie Sophie d ' Orléans ( 19 July 1869 – 4 February 1952 ) married Prince Alfons of Bavaria ( 1862 – 1933 ) and had issue ; ( the line ended in dynastical sense in 1990 in male line, with cognatic descendants still present ).

Prince Qing and Li Hongzhang signed the protocol on behalf of the Qing Empire, while Bernardo de Cólogan y Cólogan, Alfons Mumm ( Freiherr von Schwarzenstein ), Ernest Satow and Komura Jutaro signed on behalf of Spain, Germany, Britain and Japan respectively.

* Princess Elisabeth Maria of Bavaria, daughter of Prince Alfons of Bavaria

** Prince Alfons Constantin Maria ( b. London, 18 May 2001 )

His fellow Knights of the Garter created in 1867 were Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond, Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland, Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Franz Joseph I of Austria and Alexander II of Russia.

Married first Gabriel Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania and secondly Franz Karl of Saxe-Lauenburg.

Later Prince Regent Luitpold's years as regent were marked by tremendous artistic and cultural activity in Munich ( see Franz von Stuck and Der Blaue Reiter ).

In 1886 Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, only son of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Empress Elisabeth of Bavaria and heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, acquired the manor and transformed it into a hunting lodge.

After the deaths of Prince Rudolf and Baroness Vetsera, the Emperor Franz Joseph, who wanted to found a new church, had the building turned into a convent which was settled by nuns of the Discalced Carmelite Order.

Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein | Franz Joseph II

** Franz Joseph II, 14th Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein ( b. 1906 )

* August 28 – Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein, ( d. 1938 )

In the spring of 1938, just after the annexation of Austria into Greater Germany, eighty-four year-old Prince Franz I abdicated, naming his thirty-one year-old third cousin, Prince Franz Joseph II, as his successor.

While Prince Franz I claimed that old age was his reason for abdicating, it is believed that he had no desire to be on the throne if Germany gobbled up its new neighbor, Liechtenstein.

Prince Franz Josef II became the first Prince of Liechtenstein to take up permanent residence in Liechtenstein.

His uncle Prince Franz Xavier functioned as his representative.

In 1765 Prince Franz Xavier ceded the Polish throne to Stanisław August Poniatowski on behalf of the underage Elector.

His domains were then ruled peacefully for the next 45 years, although Franz Joseph personally suffered the tragedies of the suicide of his son, the Crown Prince Rudolf in 1889, and the assassination of his wife, the Empress Elisabeth in 1898.

It housed Napoleon, Ugo Foscolo, Prince Metternich, Archduke Franz Ferdinand I, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and other eminent figures.

* Count Franz von Metternich ( 1746 – 1818 ), diplomat and father of Prince Klemens, first Prince of Ochsenhausen

It can also refer to Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein.

Empress Elisabeth's tomb next to that of her husband Franz Joseph in Vienna's Imperial Crypt, on the other side of Franz Josef's tomb is that of their son, Crown Prince Rudolf