Baruch Spinoza in " Principia philosophiae cartesianae " at its Prolegomenon identified " cogito ergo sum " the " ego sum cogitans " ( I am a thinking being ) as the thinking substance with his ontological interpretation.

Descartes ' book of 1644 Principia philosophiae ( Principles of philosophy ) stated that bodies can act on each other only through contact: a principle that induced people, among them himself, to hypothesize a universal medium as the carrier of interactions such as light and gravity — the aether.

Together with Meditations on First Philosophy ( Meditationes de Prima Philosophia ), Principles of Philosophy ( Principia philosophiae ) and Rules for the Direction of the Mind ( Regulae ad directionem ingenii ), it forms the base of the Epistemology known as Cartesianism.

Burnet was to some extent influenced by Descartes who had written on the creation of the earth in Principia philosophiae ( 1644 ), and was criticised on those grounds by Roger North.

— originally printed in Latin: Principia philosophiae antiquissimae et recentissimae de Deo, Christo & Creatura, Amsterdam: M. Brown 1690.

The German translation appeared in 1720 as Lehrsätze über die Monadologie and the following year the Acta Eruditorum printed the Latin version as Principia philosophiae.

Some material from The World was revised for publication as Principia philosophiae or Principles of Philosophy ( 1644 ), a Latin textbook at first intended by Descartes to replace the Aristotelian textbooks then used in universities.

It was followed, in 1644, by Principia Philosophiæ ( Principles of Philosophy ), a kind of synthesis of the Meditations and the Discourse.

* Philosopher René Descartes publishes Principia Philosophiae ( Principles of Philosophy ).

* Proposition 75, Theorem 35: p. 956-I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman, translators: Isaac Newton, The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.

Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Latin for " Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy ", often referred to as simply the Principia, is a work in three books by Sir Isaac Newton, first published 5 July 1687.

Halley's visits to Newton in 1684 thus resulted from Halley's debates about planetary motion with Wren and Hooke, and they seem to have provided Newton with the incentive and spur to develop and write what became Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica ( Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy ).

Emanuel Swedenborg wrote such books as Principles of Chemistry, The Principia, The Economy of the Animate Kingdom and Arcana Coelestia.

He is mainly known for his book Theologiae Christianae Principia Mathematica ( Mathematical Principles of Christian Theology ), published in 1698.

* Isaac Newton-Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica ( Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy )

In 1563, or perhaps two years later, appeared his great work De Rerum Natura Iuxta Propria Principia ( On the Nature of Things according to their Own Principles ), which was followed by a large number of scientific and philosophical works of subsidiary importance.

# Bertrand Russell – Principles of Mathematics ; The Problems of Philosophy ; Principia Mathematica ; The Analysis of Mind ; An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth ; Human Knowledge, Its Scope and Limits

The relational concepts that pervade Principia Mathematica are very much owed to the Vorlesungen, cited in Principias Preface and in Bertrand Russell's Principles of Mathematics.

It is notable that Skolem, like Löwenheim, wrote on mathematical logic and set theory employing the notation of his fellow pioneering model theorists Charles Sanders Peirce and Ernst Schröder, including ∏, ∑ as variable-binding quantifiers, in contrast to the notations of Peano, Principia Mathematica, and Principles of Mathematical Logic.

* Andrew Motte publishes The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in London, the first English translation of Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ( originally published 1687 ; Motte translated the 1726 edition ).

* 2009 Principia Mathematica Decernendi: Mathematical Principles of Decision Making-Generalization of the Analytic Network Process to Neural Firing and Synthesis, ISBN 1-888603-10-0, RWS

* Principia of Newton ; An Institution of Fluxions, containing the First Principles, Operations, and Applications of that admirable Method, as invented by Sir Isaac Newton ( 1706 ).

Enlightenment could arguably be said to have started with René Descartes in 1637 with his Le Discours de la Méthode (" Discourse on Methods ") or in 1687 when Isaac Newton published his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (" Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy ").

* 1999-The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy ( Translator ) ( ISBN 0-520-08816-6 )

* Principia Mathematica Decernendi: Mathematical Principles of Decision Making .... ( 2009 ).

There follow four chapters devoted to the ideas of the young Bertrand Russell, the writing of both The Principles of Mathematics and Principia Mathematica, and to the mixed reception the ideas and methods encountered over the period 1910 – 40.

Isaac Newton, a noted Baconian, used such principles in the Philosophy section of his Principia, writing " hypotheses non fingo " ( I don't make hypotheses ).

However, shortly after this positive result, Kurt Gödel published On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems ( 1931 ), showing that in any sufficiently strong axiomatic system there are true statements which cannot be proved in the system.

** Robert Waring Darwin of Elston ( 1724 – 1816 ), author of Principia Botanica

* Discordian texts and scriptures include Principia Discordia, Black Iron Prison, Zen Without Zen Masters, Liber Malorum, Book 5 ( The Zenarchist's Cookbook ), Zenarchy Unapologia, The Book of the Apocalypso, The Book of Eris, The Book of Inconveniences, The Honest Book of Truth ( portions of which are used in Principia Discordia ), Jonesboria Discordia, Metaclysmia Discordia, Novus Ordo Discordia, Principia Harmonia, Aeturnus Ille Discordia, The Wise Book of Baloney, The Book of Life, The Book of Chaos and Its Virtue, Chao Te Ching, Summa Discordia, Voices of Chaos, The Book of Chaos, Apocrypha Discordia, Principia Entropius, etc.

File: GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689. jpg | Sir Isaac Newton ( 1642-1727 ): established three laws of motion and a law of universal gravitation in his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ( 1687 ), laid foundations for classical mechanics, invented the reflecting telescope, observed that a prism splits white light into the colors of the visible spectrum, formulated a law of cooling, co-invented infinitesimal calculus

According to the theorem, within every sufficiently powerful logical system ( such as Principia ), there exists a statement G that essentially reads, " The statement G cannot be proved.

However, it is our everyday arithmetical practices such as counting which are fundamental ; for if a persistent discrepancy arose between counting and Principia, this would be treated as evidence of an error in Principia ( e. g., that Principia did not characterize numbers or addition correctly ), not as evidence of an error in everyday counting.

In the Axioms Scholium of his Principia Newton said its axiomatic three laws of motion were already accepted by mathematicians such as Huygens ( 1629 – 1695 ), Wallace, Wren and others, and also in memos in his draft preparations of the second edition of the Principia he attributed its first law of motion and its law of gravity to a range of historical figures.

The solar tidal acceleration at the Earth's surface was first given by Newton in the ' Principia '< ref >, Book 3, Proposition 36, Page 307 Newton put the force to depress the sea at places 90 degrees distant from the Sun at " 1 to 38604600 " ( in terms of g ), and wrote that the force to raise the sea along the Sun-Earth axis is " twice as great ", i. e. 2 to 38604600, which comes to about 0. 52 × 10 < sup >- 7 </ sup > g as expressed in the text .</ ref >

Newton's own copy of his July 5th 1687 edition of Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ( or his Principia ), with hand-written corrections for the second edition.

* Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell ( 1910 – 1913, 1927 2nd edition reprinted 1962 ), Principia Mathematica to * 56, Cambridge at the University Press, London UK, no ISBN or US card catalog number.

Elected a fellow of Trinity in 1884, Whitehead would teach and write mathematics at the college until 1910, spending the 1890s writing his Treatise on Universal Algebra ( 1898 ), and the 1900s collaborating with his former pupil, Russell, on the first edition of Principia Mathematica.

The analysis of logical concepts and the machinery of formalization that is essential to Principia Mathematica ( 3 vols., 1910 – 1913 ) ( by Bertrand Russell, 1872 – 1970, and Alfred North Whitehead, 1861 – 1947 ), to Russell's theory of descriptions, to Kurt Gödel's ( 1906 – 1978 ) incompleteness theorems, and to Alfred Tarski's ( 1901 – 1983 ) theory of truth, is ultimately due to Frege.

Most versions of Principia Discordia actually spell it as καλλιχτι, but this is definitely incorrect ; in the afterword of the 1979 Loompanics edition of Principia, Gregory Hill says that was because on the IBM typewriter he used, not all Greek letters coincided with Latin ones, and he didn't know enough of the letters to spot the mistake.

Newton's heirs shortly afterwards published the Latin version in their possession, also in 1728, under the ( new ) title De Mundi Systemate, amended to update cross-references, citations and diagrams to those of the later editions of the Principia, making it look superficially as if it had been written by Newton after the Principia, rather than before.

* 1687: Newton's ' Principia ', first edition ( 1687, in Latin ).

* 1687: Newton's ' Principia ', first edition ( 1687, in Latin ).

* Principia ( in Latin, annotated ).

Newton's First and Second laws, in Latin, from the original 1687 Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica | Principia Mathematica.

* 1734, ( Principia ) Latin: Opera Philosophica et Mineralia ( English: Philosophical and Mineralogical Works ), three volumes

** ( Principia, Volume I ) Latin: Tomus I. Principia rerum naturlium sive novorum tentaminum phaenomena mundi elementaris philosophice explicandi

** ( Principia, Volume II ) Latin: Tomus II.

** ( Principia, Volume III ) Latin: Tomus III.

He also taught himself Latin in 1790 and French in 1792 so he was able to read mathematical works such as Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica.

A later example is Isaac Newton, whose 1687 Principia was in Latin, but whose 1704 Opticks was in English.

Meanwhile he published the first of several school dictionaries in 1850, and in 1853 he began the Principia series, which marked an advance in the school teaching of Greek and Latin.

For ease of cross-reference to the contents of De Motu that appeared again in the Principia, there are online sources for the ' Principia ' in English translation, as well as in Latin.