Prior to his death, he had, at his wife Plectrude's urging, designated Theudoald, his grandson by their son Grimoald, his heir in the entire realm.

Prior to his death, Parsons stated that he wanted his body cremated at Joshua Tree and his ashes spread over Cap Rock, a prominent natural feature there ; however, Parsons ' stepfather arranged for a private ceremony back in New Orleans and neglected to invite any of his friends from the music industry.

Prior to his death the building housing much of Life Sciences at Sussex was renamed the John Maynard Smith Building, in his honour.

Prior to Downey's death, Spin in April 1989 had identified the " Wipe Out " authorship as a myth.

Prior to his death, Mahfouz was the oldest living Nobel Literature laureate and the third oldest of all time, trailing only Bertrand Russell and Halldor Laxness.

Prior to his death, he suffered from a bleeding ulcer, kidney problems, and cardiac failure.

Prior to his death in 799, al-Kadhem was said to have prophesied that " A man will come out from Qom and he will summon people to the right path ".

Prior to his death, he had his chief officers swear an oath of loyalty to Izz al-Din, as he was the only Zengid ruler strong enough to oppose Saladin.

Prior to Carroll Rosenbloom's death, the Rams had already announced their intentions to leave the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and move to Anaheim Stadium in Orange County for the 1980 season.

Prior to his death, Lee told his then only two living instructors Kimura and Inosanto ( James Yimm Lee had died in 1972 ) to dismantle his schools.

Prior to his sudden death in December 983, Otto II had installed Pope John XIV, a non-Roman who had served as Otto II's chancellor in Italy, on the chair of St. Peter.

Prior to his mother's death, Daley had won the Democratic nomination for Cook County sheriff.

Prior to Chris Farley's death, the two lived in adjacent residences.

The Prior of Crato held out in the Azores until 1583, and continued to actively seek to recover the throne until his death in 1595.

Prior to his death, Marlon Brando provided some voice work for Vito, which was eventually deemed unusable and was dubbed over by a Brando impersonator.

Prior to crucifixion, victims were often savagely whipped with barbed metal lashes, to induce exsanguination ( bleeding to death ).

Prior to his arrival in the Republic, the death of Marco Ricci in 1730 had created an opening in the field of landscape painting amid a marketplace crowded with history painters, and Zuccarelli's unique blend of countryside and Arcadia quickly achieved success.

Prior to King Henry's death in 1547, several statements of position were issued.

Prior to the invention of cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR ), defibrillation, epinephrine injection, and other treatments in the 20th century, the absence of blood circulation ( and vital functions related to blood circulation ) was historically considered to be the official definition of death.

( Prior to this, the death penalty had already been abolished for murder, but it had remained in force for certain military offences and treason, although no executions had been carried out for several decades.

" Prior to Morgan's death, he also added of his mentor's six-decade career: " He was one of the foundational pieces of the industry.

Prior to the January 11, 2003 commutation of death row sentences, male death row inmates were housed in Tamms, Menard, and Pontiac correctional centers.

Prior to her death, the victim had reported using the dried leaves of the plant to induce menstruation with no ill effects.

Prior to Linnaean taxonomy, animals were classified according to their mode of movement.

Prior to June 2005, the Maldivian political system was based on the election of individuals, rather than the more common system of election according to party platform.

Prior to the Marian reforms ( see below ) the heavy infantry was subdivided, according to experience, into three separate lines of troops:

Prior to the Supreme Court's decision in Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co., all income taxes had been considered indirect taxes imposed without respect to geography, unlike direct taxes, that must be apportioned among the states according to population.

Prior to the introduction of standard time, each municipality around the civilized world set its official clock, if it had one, according to the local position of the Sun ( see solar time ).

Prior to surgery, the patient is given a medical examination, certain pre-operative tests, and their physical status is rated according to the ASA physical status classification system.

Prior to the advent of the charismatic Rubini, every well-schooled opera singer had avoided using a conspicuous and continuous vibrato because, according to Scott, it varied the pitch of the note being sung to an unacceptable degree and it was considered to be an artificial contrivance arising from inadequate breath control.

Prior to take off, or at the onset of the jump, the ball is brought to the abdomen and then the windmill motion is started by moving the ball below the waist according to the length of the player's fully extended arm.

Prior to version 5, Scilab was semi-free software according to the nomenclature of the Free Software Foundation.

Prior to 1895, all income taxes had been considered indirect taxes ( not required to be apportioned among the states according to the population of each state ).

Prior to his becoming editor, The Freeman had supported Senator Joseph McCarthy in his conflict with President Harry Truman on the issue of communism, " undiscriminatingly " according to some critics, but upon becoming editor, Hazlitt changed the magazine's policy to one of support for President Truman.

Prior to 1921, the team played its home games at Tonawanda High School ; however, their lone game in the NFL was an away game, and according to contemporary news reports, the team had intended to play as a traveling team had it continued beyond one game.

Their month-long siege however, was ineffective, as a small force consisting of monks from the Jasna Gora monastery led by their Prior and supported by local volunteers, mostly from the szlachta ( Polish nobility ), fought off the numerically superior Germans mercenaries, saved their sacred icon, the Black Madonna of Częstochowa and, according to some accounts, turned the course of the war.

Prior to publication, the journal's editor, Robert Kass, subjected the paper to three successive peer reviews by the journal's referees, who according to Kass were " baffled ".

Prior to this, according to Robert Plot, it was performed on Christmas Day, New Year's Day and Twelfth Day, in addition to the local Wakes Monday-though upon its revival in 1660 it was confined to the latter alone.

Prior to 1997, it also included all persons who had an ethnic Fijian mother but a non-Fijian father, as ethnic identity was defined according to the male line, a fact which caused considerable resentment among the large numbers of " Part Europeans " ( who had a European father or paternal grandfather ) and " Chinese Fijians " ( whose father or paternal grandfather was Chinese ).

Prior to the devastating epidemics ( according to contemporary scholars Snow, Grumet, Bragdon, et al.

Prior to the 2000 edition, the Carnegie Foundation categorized doctorate-granting institutions according to the amount of Federal funding they received.

Prior art generally does not include unpublished work or mere conversations ( though according to the European Patent Convention, oral disclosures also form prior art — see ).

Prior to the report, according to Jackson, HUD had a hard time figuring out if national or local programs were working and a tough time just trying to figure out where the homeless might be on a given night.

Prior to encoding anything using the M-209, the operator must set the machine according to a preset configuration.

Prior to European settlement, Lorne was part of the traditional lands of the Gadubanud or King Parrot people of the Cape Otway coast according to Ian Clark, although many popular websites report that the area was occupied by the Kolakngat Aborigines.

His famous song, To all you ladies now at Land, was written, according to Prior, on the night before the victory gained over foggy Opdam off Harwich ( 3 June 1665 ).

Prior to contact with Han Chinese, the Taiwanese aborigines named themselves according to each tribe's tradition.