Prior to the year 1878, all apostolic letters and briefs requiring for their validity the leaden seal were engrossed upon rough parchment and in Gothic characters ( round letters, also called Gallicum and commonly Bollatico, but in Italy today Teutonic ) without lines, or diphthongs, or marks of punctuation.

Prior to the meiosis process the cell's chromosomes are duplicated by a round of DNA replication, creating from the maternal and paternal versions of each chromosome ( homologs ) two exact copies, sister chromatids, attached at the centromere region.

Prior to the 1980s when there were no 24-hour news channels competing with Front Page Challenge, each round of the game began with silent black and white newsreel footage of the news story in question while a narrator, not heard by the panelists, summarized it.

Prior to the 1968 contract round, smaller regional stations sought an affiliation with one of the four major ITV companies, who would provide the bulk of their programming.

Prior to the 19th century, the English Christmas pudding was boiled in a pudding cloth, and often represented as round.

Prior to the 1998 – 99 season, Detroit traded Knuble to the New York Rangers for a 2000 2nd round draft choice ( Tomas Kopecky ).

Prior to Detroit's elimination from the 2006 playoffs, Legace indicated to the media that if Detroit failed to win the opening round of the playoffs, he would not be returning to the team.

Prior to the a second round, a coup against the civilian government resulted in a military takeover of the capital, Bissau, amid reports that he was arrested by military and his residence was attacked.

Prior to her French Open victory, she had never made it past the 2nd round at Roland Garros.

Prior to the 1976 NFL Draft, Plunkett was traded to the San Francisco 49ers in exchange for QB Tom Owen, two first round picks in 1976, and a first and second round pick in 1977.

Prior to these two outstanding seasons in Ottawa, McCauley was selected in the fourth round of the 1995 NHL Entry Draft, 79th overall by the New Jersey Devils, though he would never play with the team.

* 1973 Renzo Pasolini, Jarno Saarinen killed in a mass crash at the Curva Grande during the 250 cc class of the Nations Grand Prix ( Prior to 1990, the Italian round was called the Nations Grand Prix )

Prior to the loss, Tua had devastating KO wins against future titlist John Ruiz ( via 1st round KO, in only 19 seconds ) and Darroll Wilson.

Prior to the final battle, a mini game commences in which one is required to eat as many worshipers as possible to increase health for the endurance round.

Prior to that, the Pittsburgh Penguins gave up a 3-0 lead in the quarterfinal round to the New York Islanders in the 1975 Stanley Cup playoffs to lose 4-3, and in the 1942 Stanley Cup Finals, when the Detroit Red Wings lost a 3-0 lead to the Toronto Maple Leafs.

Prior to each round, the moderator reads the Aurelia passage to the players as an example of how he or she pronounces each sound in Latin.

Prior to 1998, when the NCAA had, for most part of its history, six teams, employed a double round robin tournament.

Prior to her loss to Safina, Anna-Lena won 6 matches in a row without losing a single set, the highlights being her victory over Daniela Hantuchová in the first round and over Alizé Cornet in the third round, both top 20 players at the time.

Prior to the 18th century, the bandurria had with a round back, similar or related to the mandore.

Prior to the turn of the millennium, the Canucks and Flames faced each other during the first round of postseason play in, which was the first playoff series victory by the Canucks, en route to the Finals,,, during the Flames championship season of, and 1994, with Calgary holding a 3-2 margin.

Prior to round four of the A-League season, it was announced that Perth Glory had signed Mori on a short term contract to replace injured defender David Tarka.

Prior to the round 25 match versus the South Sydney Rabbitohs, Anasta was give the captaincy of the club.

# Prior to being drawn and enabled, one is unable to believe … able only to resist.

His works include a treatise on the Holy Eucharist, one on the Procession of the Holy Spirit, many lives of saints, as well as a history of his term as Prior General of the Camaldolese.

Prior to 1970, writers only voted for the best pitcher and used a formula of one point per vote.

Prior to dividing by, one needs to check if there are stationary ( also called equilibrium )

Prior Diego saw immediately one of the paramount reasons for the spread of the unorthodox movement: the representatives of the Holy Church acted and moved with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony.

" Prior to Draper, Beauchamp & Davidson had also offered a definition which includes these elements, although they offered a somewhat longer account, and one that specifically discounts fetuses in order to distinguish between abortions and euthanasia:

Prior to the introduction of the ubiquitous fax machine, one of the first being the Exxon Qwip in the mid-1970s, facsimile machines worked by optical scanning of a document or drawing spinning on a drum.

Prior to 1947, the only definition of first-class cricket had been one in Great Britain that dated from a meeting at Lord's in May 1894 between the Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) committee and the secretaries of the clubs involved in the official County Championship, which had begun in 1890.

Prior to this work, the concept of a set was a rather elementary one that had been used implicitly since the beginnings of mathematics, dating back to the ideas of Aristotle.

Prior to this system being put in place, users could " double dose " if they were able to convince the prescriber to give them a new prescription to replace the one that they had " lost ", by taking each prescription to a different pharmacy.

Prior to the story's beginning Rick Deckard owned a real sheep, but it died of tetanus, and he replaced it with an electric one.

Prior to Stephen's alliance with Pepin, Rome had constituted the central city of the Duchy of Rome, which composed one of two districts within the Exarchate of Ravenna, along with Ravenna itself.

Prior to 2008, Stockholm University had only one student union

Prior to the civil war, Somalia had only one national airline, Somali Airlines, that serviced the entire country.

Prior to full membership it had no right to a seat as one of the elected members of the UN Security Council.

Prior to the development of SLR, all cameras with viewfinders had two optical light paths: one path through the lens to the film, and another path positioned above ( TLR or twin-lens reflex ) or to the side ( rangefinder ).

Prior to one month of the beginning of the financial year the President of Turkmenistan submits to the Medjlis of Turkmenistan ( Parliament ) the State budget draft for consideration and adoption

Prior to 1971, one of the chief features of the Bretton Woods system was an obligation for each country to adopt a monetary policy that maintained the exchange rate of its currency within a fixed value — plus or minus one percent — in terms of gold.

Prior to the Constitution, a federal body was one where states effectively formed nothing more than permanent treaties, with citizens retaining their loyalty to their original state.

Prior to this, many nonwhite immigrants with full rights of citizenship in Britain were obliged to take the jobs that no one else wanted ( such as street cleaning, night-shift assembly production lines ), often paid considerably less than their white counterparts.

Prior to 2005, after the top two cars were set, the top 14 cars in the qualifying races advanced to the field, and then between six ( 1998 – 2003 ), eight ( 1995 – 97, 2004 ), or ten ( until 1994 ) fastest cars which did not advance from the qualifying race were added, and, since 1976, between one and seven cars were added by previous year's points performance and or championship, except for 1985, when no such car was eligible for a provisional starting spot, the only time that happened in the Daytona 500 from when the provisional was added in 1976 through 2004.

Prior to the adoption of the modern binomial system of naming species, a scientific name consisted of a generic name combined with a specific name that was from one to several words long.

Prior to the late 1960s, nearly all countries that permitted divorce also required proof by one party that the other party had committed an act incompatible to the marriage.

Prior to the introduction of standard time, each municipality around the civilized world set its official clock, if it had one, according to the local position of the Sun ( see solar time ).