Prior to Kater's discovery, the accuracy of g measurements was limited by the difficulty of measuring the other factor L, the length of the pendulum, accurately.

Prior to this, the only means of escape from an incapacitated aircraft was to jump clear (" bail-out "), and in many cases this was difficult due to injury, the difficulty of egress from a confined space, g forces, the airflow past the aircraft, and other factors.

Prior to this change, the proto-garou is usually unable to change forms, a condition that rarely causes difficulty amongst the homid and lupus, but which confines the metis to the perimeter ( or bawn ) of Garou-held holy places called caerns.

Prior to this arrangement, players had some difficulty establishing a stable environment in which to live.

Prior to their departure, the Mongols were having difficulty pacifying the country, though they had planned to attack Austria and eventually Germany and Italy.

Prior to the outbreak of the civil war in 1991, the roughly 53 state-owned small, medium and large manufacturing firms were foundering, with the ensuing conflict destroying many of the remaining industries.

Prior to MRP, and before computers dominated industry, reorder-point / reorder-quantity ( ROP / ROQ ) type methods like EOQ ( Economic Order Quantity ) had been used in manufacturing and inventory management.

Prior to college, he graduated from Cranbrook School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where his father was in the automotive industry ; most of his work experience prior to joining Sun was in automotive manufacturing.

Prior to that, Charles was president and CEO of several multinational manufacturing companies, including Ransburg Corporation, Clevepak Corporation, Allied Thermal ( a subsidiary of Interpace Corporation ), Lapp Insulator ( a division of Interpace Corporation ), and Lenape Forge ( a division of Gulf + Western ).

Prior to this, the village had been called McCoon's Mill for the snuff mill that by the 1820s had been converted to manufacturing woolen textiles.

In this role, he shared leadership and management of AMD with former Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of AMD Hector Ruiz .< ref > Executives <, Advanced Micro Devices .</ ref > Prior to this role, Meyer served as president and chief operating officer of AMD ’ s Microprocessor Solutions Sector where he had overall responsibility for AMD ’ s microprocessor business, including product development, manufacturing, operations and product marketing.

Prior to the manufacturing offshoring, the company produced a range of televisions branded ' PYE Chelsea '.

Prior to manufacturing PCs, the company was called NPC Electronics.

Prior to joining TSMC, Dr. Tsai moved through the ranks during his 8 years at Hewlett-Packard in Fort Collins, Colorado, including R & D project manager, manufacturing engineering project manager, and as a member of the technical staff.

Prior to the creation of the Duel Disk, Seto Kaiba created Duel Boxes, which creates interactive hard-light holograms ( known as " Solid Vision ") of monster and other card images by reading hidden microchips within the cards themselves.

Prior to the mid-17th Century, when pendulum-controlled mechanical clocks were invented, sundials were the only reliable timepieces, and were generally considered to tell the right time.

Prior to this, the last reliable sighting was of three individuals in 2005 near Minga Well, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.

Prior to Keynes, a situation in which aggregate demand for goods and services did not meet supply was referred to by classical economists as a general glut, although there was disagreement among them as to whether a general glut was possible.

Prior to 1991, the Soviet economy was the second largest in the world, but during its last years it was afflicted by shortages of goods in grocery stores, huge budget deficits, and explosive growth in money supply leading to inflation.

Prior to this demand so outstripped supply, Citroën did not need to spend money on marketing, apart from a few dealer leaflets, at all.

Prior to the installation of the piped supply to Dousland the water was used for a hydro electric turbine located near Yelverton Reservoir and fed by a pipe.

Prior to the arrival of the British, a small fleet of supply ships had arrived in Quebec with much-needed supplies.

Prior to World War II, Army Ordnance received reports from various branches ( infantry, armor, artillery, supply ) that the full-size M1 rifle was unsuitable as issued for an increasing number of soldiers with specialized training ( mortar crews, Rangers, Paratroopers, Machine gun crews, Radiomen, Tankers, Artillerymen, Forward observers, Signals troops, Engineers, Headquarters staff etc.

Prior to the mid-20th century, these improvements in public health were primarily in the areas of food handling, water supply, sewage, and personal hygiene.

Prior to these protests, Bolivia had seen a series of similar earlier protests, during the Cochabamba protests of 2000, which were against the privatization of the municipal water supply.

Prior to the civil wars it used water from the Mount Coffee Hydropower Project to supply water and some sewage disposal.

Prior to the FCC's approval of the purchase which is expected in early 2012, Sinclair will manage the stations under local marketing agreements ( replacing Nexstar Broadcasting Group as Four Points ' LMA partner ) following antitrust approval of the sale by the Federal Trade Commission, Sinclair will also supply working capital to the stations in consideration of service fees and performance incentives through the LMAs.

Prior to construction of the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct, half of San Francisco's water supply, approximately 6 million gallons per day passed through the Sunol temple.

In 1830, in an attempt to ensure a supply of priests for the District, Bishop Peter Baines, the Vicar-Apostolic, had bought the Prior Park estate near Bath and had established there a school and a seminary, now Prior Park College.

Prior to the 1996 general election, however, and prior to Meurant resigning from National, Meurant came to an arrangement with Bolger whereby Right-of-Centre would not oppose the National Party government in votes of confidence and supply ; in exchange, Meurant would keep his governmental post as Parliamentary Undersecretary for Agriculture.

Prior to that time, the Presbytery was dependent on a supply of ministers sent from Scotland.

Prior to the acquisition, Manugistics had offices in over 30 countries and had a heritage as one of the “ founders ” of supply chain management.

Prior to the shutdown of units 3 and 4, Kozloduy NPP produced 44 % of Bulgaria's electricity supply ; as of March 2006, Bulgaria exported about 14 % of its electricity production.

Prior to meeting Mallowan, Christie had not had any extensive brushes with archaeology, but once the two married they made sure to only go to sites where they could work together.

Alastair Cook scored 189 and both Ian Bell and Matt Prior made centuries.

Prior to the flood, speculators had purchased the abandoned reservoir, made less than well-engineered repairs to the old dam, raised the lake level, built cottages and a clubhouse, and created the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club.

Prior to the mid-20th century, double bass strings were usually made of gut, but since that time, steel strings have largely replaced gut strings, because steel strings hold their pitch better and yield more volume when played with the bow.

Prior to the NES version, Nintendo also made a Duck Hunt game based on Laser Clay Shooting System released in 1976.

Prior to Montaigne's time, humanists such as Pico della Mirandola had argued that man was God's greatest creation, made in God's image and able to choose his own nature, but this view was subsequently challenged in Michel de Montaigne's Essais of 1580.

Prior to this — before the Second World War — he was content with the role of an apolitical liberal intellectual: " Now teaching at a lycée in Laon [...] Sartre made his headquarters the Dome café at the crossing of Montparnasse and Raspail boulevards.

Prior to this proposal, Goethe, de Saussure, Venetz, Jean de Charpentier, Karl Friedrich Schimper and others had made the glaciers of the Alps the subjects of special study, and Goethe, Charpentier as well as Schimper had even arrived at the conclusion that the erratic blocks of alpine rocks scattered over the slopes and summits of the Jura Mountains had been moved there by glaciers.

Prior to the extraction, the hole made by the arrow shaft had been widened by inserting larger and larger dowels of elder pith wrapped in linen down the entry wound.

Prior to being made Pope, Sixtus was a patron of Pelagius, who was later condemned as a heretic.

Prior to his work on the saxophone, Sax made several improvements to the bass clarinet by improving its keywork and acoustics and extending its lower range.

Prior to the center being built, visitors to the Capitol had to queue on the parking lot and ascend the stairs, whereupon entry was made through the massive sculpted Columbus Doors, through a small narthex cramped with security, and thence directly into the Rotunda.

Prior to the development of the Boehm system, flutes were most commonly made of wood, with an inverse conical bore, eight keys, and tone holes ( the openings where the fingers are placed to produce specific notes ) that were small in size, and thus easily covered by the fingertips.

Prior to the Kallikratis reform, the Thessaloniki Urban Area was made up of twice as many municipalities, considerably smaller in size, which created bureaucratic problems.

Prior to widespread availability of synthetic materials, such as fibreglass and graphite composites, fishing rods were typically made from split Tonkin bamboo, Calcutta reed, ash wood, hickory, iron wood, maple, lance wood, or malacca cane, as it was necessary that they be made light, tough, and pliable.

Prior to Marx, many economists debated as to what elements made up exchange value.

Prior to the beginning of negotiations, the Japanese allegedly made the Taft-Katsura Agreement with the U. S. in July 1905, which agreed to Japanese control of Korea, in return for American dominance in the Philippines.

Prior to Prince's election black clergy made political endorsements and served as appointees to the Richmond School Board and other boards throughout the city.

Prior to being signed up by Bond producer Albert R. Broccoli, he made ends meet by working as a rat catcher's assistant near his South Central home.

Prior to 1840, meteorological observations in Canada were made by private individuals, other entities ( like HBC ), and explorers, but this information was not provided to the general public.

Prior to 1754, grants of mission lands were made directly by the Spanish Crown.

Prior, sockets were made in the shape of a square shape with no specialized containment for muscular tissue.