# Proso millet, common millet, broom corn millet, hog millet or white millet ( Panicum miliaceum )

Proso millet ( Panicum miliaceum ) is also known as common millet, hog millet or white millet.

Proso millet is an annual grass whose plants reach an average height of 100 cm ( 4 feet.

Proso is an annual grass like all other millets, but it is not closely related to pearl millet, foxtail millet, finger millet, or the barnyard millets.

Proso millet is one of the few types of millet not cultivated in Africa.

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* Proso millet, Panicum miliaceum, used as birdseed in the United States.

Proso is well adapted to many soil and climatic conditions ; it has a short growing season, and needs little water.

Both the wild ancestor and the location of domestication of proso millet are unknown, but it first appears as a crop in both Transcaucasia and China about 7, 000 years ago, suggesting it may have been domesticated independently in each area.

Historians have different opinions as to when wheat began to replace the use of millet.

The conversion seems to have occurred sometime in the 20th century, although many regions continue to use the traditional millet.

... he might possibly seem to have made adequate use of the facts as regards the people who live close to the frozen zone, when he says that, ... the people live on millet and other herbs, and on fruits and roots ; and where there are grain and honey, the people get their beverage, also, from them.

The villagers offer white rice to the samurai, the best they have, while they eat millet.

Cishan dates for common millet husk phytoliths and biomolecular components have been identified around 8300 – 6700 BC in storage pits along with remains of pit-houses, pottery, and stone tools related to millet cultivation.

Palaeoethnobotanists have found evidence of the cultivation of millet in the Korean Peninsula dating to the Middle Jeulmun pottery period ( c. 3500 – 2000 BC ) ( Crawford 1992 ; Crawford and Lee 2003 ).

The cultivation of common millet as the earliest dry crop in East Asia has been attributed to its resistance to drought, and this has been suggested to have aided its spread.

As of 2005, the majority of millets produced in India is being used for alternative applications such as livestock fodder and alcohol production .< ref name = b2010 > Indian organizations are discussing ways to increase millet use as food to encourage more production ; however, they have found that some consumers prefer the taste of other grains over millet.

The naked woolybutt and native millet have seeds that are important Anangu foods.

Corn is able to pop because, like amaranth grain, sorghum, quinoa and millet, its kernels have a hard moisture-sealed hull and a dense starchy interior.

Eastern gray squirrels have a high enough tolerance for humans to inhabit residential neighborhoods and will raid bird feeders for millet, corn, and sunflower seeds.

For example, the domestication of horses is frequently associated with the expansion of the Indo-European language family ( other linguists see an earlier expansion date which they attribute to the expansion to farming and herding ), the expansion of the Chinese language is sometimes associated first with millet and later with rice farming, and the development of crops and domesticated animals that can thrive in tropical environments may have been one factor in Bantu expansion.

They are often visible in specimens of obsidian, pitchstone and rhyolite as globules about the size of millet seed or rice grain, with a duller luster than the surrounding glassy base of the rock, and when they are examined with a lens they prove to have a radiate fibrous structure.

The Hambukushu, Dceriku, and Wayeyi are all Bantus who have traditionally engaged in mixed economies of millet / sorghum agriculture ; fishing, hunting, and the collection of wild plant foods ; and pastoralism.

Subsistence agriculture of rice, millet, wheat, corn and cotton is the main occupation of the Rai although many Rai have been recruited into military service with the Nepal army and police, and the Indian and British Gurkha regiments and Singapore Police Force.

Most families have a large plot of land, and their primary crop is millet, which is made into a thick porridge.

Other interests have established groundnut, millet, and wheat plantations in recent years.

Recently more productive varieties of pearl millet have been introduced, enabling farmers to increase production considerably.

A team of researchers at ICRISAT have released the first-ever, public sector-bred marker-assisted hybrid pearl millet, HHB 67.

Women, who traditionally prepared food, have taken up the preparing of millet.

By the 1980s, Benue Valley Kofyar were producing considerable surpluses of yams, rice, peanuts, pearl millet and sorghum using labor-intensive but generally sustainable methods – an interesting contrast to the externally-supported agricultural development schemes in the region, which have generally failed.

Other methods commonly practised in Europe included severing the tendons at the knees or placing poppy seeds, millet, or sand on the ground at the grave site of a presumed vampire ; this was intended to keep the vampire occupied all night by counting the fallen grains, indicating an association of vampires with arithmomania.

While proso millet is not a member of the Neolithic Near East crop assemblage, it arrived in Europe no later than the time these introductions did, and proso millet as an independent domestication could predate the arrival of the Near East grain crops.

In Eastern Europe and Northern Russia the main swidden crops were turnips, barley, flax, rye, wheat, oats, radishes and millet.

Several new plants were introduced to Europe in trade with both the Zengids and Ayyubids, including sesame, carob, millet, rice, lemons, melons, apricots, and shallots.

Before the introduction of maize in Europe in the 16th century, mămăligă had been made with millet flour, known to the Romans as pulmentum.

* Before the arrival of maize in Eastern Europe, mămăliga was made of millet flour, but nowadays millet mămăligă is no longer made.

* In Europe: candle millet, dark millet

In English, kasha generally refers to buckwheat groats, but in Slavic Europe, it refers to porridge in general and can be made from any cereal, especially buckwheat, wheat, barley, oats, millet and rye.

Other methods commonly practised in Europe included severing the tendons at the knees or placing poppy seeds, millet, or sand on the ground at the grave site of a presumed vampire ; this was intended to keep the vampire occupied by counting the fallen grains at the rate of one grain per year, indicating an association of vampires with arithmomania.

Foxtail millet arrived in Europe later ; carbonized seeds first appear in the second millennium BC in central Europe.

The non-Muslim millet affected with the Age of Enlightenment in Europe modernized the Christian Law.