The Almagest and The Hypotheses outline Ptolemy's conception of his own task as the provision of computational tables, independent calculating devices for the prediction of future planetary perturbations.

( Ptolemy's own latitude was in error by 14 '.

Using data he collected from his own observations Gersonides ' refuted Ptolemy's model in what the notable physicist Yuval Ne ' eman has considered as " one of the most important insights in the history of science, generally missed in telling the story of the transition from epicyclic corrections to the geocentric model to Copernicus ' heliocentric model ".

With Ptolemy's death, Perdiccas III becomes King of Macedon in his own right.

What follows is a close paraphrase of Ptolemy's own words from Toomer's translation.

One of his poems attacked Ptolemy's marriage to his own sister Arsinoe, from which came the infamous line: " You're sticking your prick in an unholy hole.

Alexander Jones, editor of the Springer publication Ptolemy in Perspective ( 2010 ) considers that Ptolemy's own title remains unknown, but agrees that the term Apotelesmatika is " a credible guess ".

With them, many other Jews, attracted by the fertile soil and Ptolemy's liberality, emigrated there of their own accord.

Although Abu Ma ' shar al-Balkhi | Abu Ma ' shar believed Ptolemy to be one of the Ptolemaic dynasty | Ptolemies who ruled Egypt after the conquest of Alexander the Great | Alexander the title ‘ King Ptolemy ’ is generally viewed as a mark of respect for Ptolemy's elevated standing in science.

In 1802, Silvestre de Sacy reported to Chaptal that he had successfully identified five names (" Alexandros ", " Alexandreia ", " Ptolemaios ", " Arsinoe " and Ptolemy's title " Epiphanes "), while Åkerblad published an alphabet of 29 letters ( more than half of which were correct ) that he had identified from the Greek names in the demotic text.

Ptolemy's problem is to forecast where, against the inverted bowl of night, some particular light will be found at future times.

In a sense, Einstein's theory is simpler than Newton's, and there is a corresponding sense in which Copernicus' theory is simpler than Ptolemy's.

Ptolemy's Ourchinion is further north than Ajaccio and does not have the same name.

Ptolemy's catalogue is informed by Eudoxus of Cnidus, a Greek astronomer of the 4th century BC who introduced earlier Babylonian astronomy to the Hellenistic culture.

The location of those Vandals is not stated, but there is a match with his contemporary Ptolemy's east German tribes.

Islay is Ptolemy's Epidion, the use of the " p " hinting at a Brythonic or Pictish tribal name, although the root is not Gaelic and of unknown origin.

The first mention of any tribes is in Ptolemy's description of European Sarmatia, where the main Prussian tribes are mentioned for the first time.

There is little evidence on the subject of Ptolemy's ancestry, apart from what can be drawn from the details of his name ( see above ); however modern scholars refer to Abu Ma ’ shar ’ s account as erroneous, and it is no longer doubted that the astronomer who wrote the Almagest also wrote the Tetrabiblos as its astrological counterpart.

Ptolemy's other main work is his Geographia.

If they both used the Attic stadion of about 185 meters, then the older estimate is 1 / 6 too large, and Ptolemy's value is 1 / 6 too small, a difference explained as due to ancient scientists ' use of simple methods of measuring the earth, which were corrupted either high or low by a factor of 5 / 6, due to air's bending of horizontal light rays by 1 / 6 of the Earth's curvature.

Ptolemy's astrological outlook was quite practical: he thought that astrology was like medicine, that is conjectural, because of the many variable factors to be taken into account: the race, country, and upbringing of a person affects an individual's personality as much if not more than the positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets at the precise moment of their birth, so Ptolemy saw astrology as something to be used in life but in no way relied on entirely.

( This is the only complete English translation of Ptolemy's most famous work.

The year is stated as the ninth year of Ptolemy V's reign ( equated with 197 / 196 BC ), and it is confirmed by naming four priests who officiated in that same year: Aëtus son of Aëtus was priest of the divine cults of Alexander the Great and the five Ptolemies down to Ptolemy V himself ; his three colleagues, named in turn in the inscription, led the worship of Berenice Euergetis ( wife of Ptolemy III ), Arsinoe Philadelpha ( wife and sister of Ptolemy II ) and Arsinoe Philopator, mother of Ptolemy V. However, a second date is also given in the Greek and hieroglyphic texts, corresponding to, the official anniversary of Ptolemy's coronation.

Ptolemy's Geographia, written in the 2nd century, is sometimes considered to contain the first mentioning of the Saxons.

The construction of the zodiac is described in Ptolemy's Almagest ( 2nd century AD ).

Thus it is only fair to say that the identity of Ptolemy's Eblana is as yet unknown, and identification with the city of Dublin is at best problematic and highly speculative.

However, a rough similarity to the coordinates of Ptolemy's earth-mapping gives some writers a hope that some terrestrial representation was intended by the unknown compilers.

Concerning the location of Thule, a discrepancy in data caused subsequent geographers some problems, and may be responsible for Ptolemy's distortion of Scotland.

It may have had its origins with the Damnonii people of Ptolemy's Geographia.

Ptolemy's 2nd century Geographia shows that in antiquity the river's name was Bubindas, which may derive from Proto-Celtic * Bou-vindā, " white cow ".

Some scholars have proposed that the Wusun may have been identical with the people described by Herodotus ( IV. 16-25 ) and in Ptolemy's Geography as Issedones.

Suggesting that the Cleopatra Tryphaena referred to by Porphyry may have been Ptolemy's wife, not his daughter.

This suggests that the Cleopatra Tryphaena referred to by Porphyry may have been Ptolemy's wife, not his daughter.

In the west, the city of Rerigonium ( literally ' very royal place '), shown on Ptolemy's map of the world, is a strong contender for the site of Pen Rhionydd, referred to in the Welsh Triads as one of the ' three thrones of Britain ' associated with the legendary King Arthur, and may also have been the caput of the sub-Roman Brythonic kingdom of Rheged.

Other potential centers are only hinted at ; for instance, Ptolemy's Geographia and the nomenclature of later kings suggest that a certain Theophila in the south of the Indo-Greek sphere of influence may also have been a satrapal or royal seat at one time.

All three may be the kingdoms or peoples called, respectively, the Concani, Auteni and Nagnatae who are shown on Ptolemy's map of Ireland, dated to c. 150 A. D. ( Some are of the opinion that Ptolemy's map may be based on cartography carried out as much as five hundred years earlier ).

Mighta Wizards may phase out causing them to be temporarily immune to Ptolemy's spells.

Almost none of these have been substantiated as historical, with the exception of the Neo-Assyrian and Babylonian rulers listed in Ptolemy's Canon, beginning with Nabonassar.

The Suevi Angeli would have been in Lower Saxony or near it and, like Ptolemy's Suevi Semnones, were among the Suebi at the time.

It would have suited custom if the first of Ptolemy's family to become a citizen ( whether he or an ancestor ) took the nomen from a Roman called Claudius who was responsible for granting citizenship.

Two hundred years after the construction of Ptolemy's canal, Cleopatra seems to have had no west-east waterway passage, because the Pelusiac branch of the Nile River, which had fed Ptolemy's west-east canal, had by that time dwindled, being choked with silt.

Ptolemy is thought to have ordered the death to ingratiate himself with Caesar, thus becoming an ally of Rome, to which Egypt was in debt at the time, though this act proved a miscalculation on Ptolemy's part.

One famous apocryphal quote attributed to him upon hearing an explanation of the extremely complicated mathematics required to demonstrate Ptolemy's theory of astronomy was " If the Lord Almighty had consulted me before embarking on creation thus, I should have recommended something simpler.

Both men were described as " free minds and free souls ," and Novara believed that his findings would have shaken Ptolemy's " unshakable " geocentric system.

Additionally, both Berossus ’ and Ptolemy's king lists have Nabonidus ( Akk.

Alhazen wrote a scathing critique of Ptolemy's model in his Doubts on Ptolemy ( c. 1028 ), which some have interpreted to imply he was criticizing Ptolemy's geocentrism, but most agree that he was actually criticizing the details of Ptolemy's model rather than his geocentrism.

This kind of evaluation ignores historical background and the evidence that was available at a particular time: did Aristarchus have evidence to support his idea that the Sun was at the center ; were there good reasons to reject Ptolemy's system before the 16th century?

However, the difficulties faced in determining the location of land areas in Ptolemy's ancient work have led modern researchers to question the correlation between Ptolemy's island and contemporary Canvey.

Considering the degree of corruption which Ptolemy's work is known to have suffered in transmission, it is impossible to tell which, if either, of these variants is the correct form.

Antigonus was aware of Ptolemy's raid on Syria the previous year, and thus would have been loathe to be cut off from Syria and his capital in Antigonia, and thus moved to intercept the allied army.