In a sense, Einstein's theory is simpler than Newton's, and there is a corresponding sense in which Copernicus' theory is simpler than Ptolemy's.

Ptolemy's Ourchinion is further north than Ajaccio and does not have the same name.

Ptolemy's catalogue is informed by Eudoxus of Cnidus, a Greek astronomer of the 4th century BC who introduced earlier Babylonian astronomy to the Hellenistic culture.

The location of those Vandals is not stated, but there is a match with his contemporary Ptolemy's east German tribes.

Islay is Ptolemy's Epidion, the use of the " p " hinting at a Brythonic or Pictish tribal name, although the root is not Gaelic and of unknown origin.

The first mention of any tribes is in Ptolemy's description of European Sarmatia, where the main Prussian tribes are mentioned for the first time.

Although Abu Ma ' shar al-Balkhi | Abu Ma ' shar believed Ptolemy to be one of the Ptolemaic dynasty | Ptolemies who ruled Egypt after the conquest of Alexander the Great | Alexander the title ‘ King Ptolemy ’ is generally viewed as a mark of respect for Ptolemy's elevated standing in science.

There is little evidence on the subject of Ptolemy's ancestry, apart from what can be drawn from the details of his name ( see above ); however modern scholars refer to Abu Ma ’ shar ’ s account as erroneous, and it is no longer doubted that the astronomer who wrote the Almagest also wrote the Tetrabiblos as its astrological counterpart.

Ptolemy's other main work is his Geographia.

If they both used the Attic stadion of about 185 meters, then the older estimate is 1 / 6 too large, and Ptolemy's value is 1 / 6 too small, a difference explained as due to ancient scientists ' use of simple methods of measuring the earth, which were corrupted either high or low by a factor of 5 / 6, due to air's bending of horizontal light rays by 1 / 6 of the Earth's curvature.

Ptolemy's own title is unknown, but may have been the term found in some Greek manuscripts: Apotelesmatika, roughly meaning ' Astrological Outcomes ,' ' Effects ' or ‘ Prognostics ’.

Ptolemy's astrological outlook was quite practical: he thought that astrology was like medicine, that is conjectural, because of the many variable factors to be taken into account: the race, country, and upbringing of a person affects an individual's personality as much if not more than the positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets at the precise moment of their birth, so Ptolemy saw astrology as something to be used in life but in no way relied on entirely.

( This is the only complete English translation of Ptolemy's most famous work.

The year is stated as the ninth year of Ptolemy V's reign ( equated with 197 / 196 BC ), and it is confirmed by naming four priests who officiated in that same year: Aëtus son of Aëtus was priest of the divine cults of Alexander the Great and the five Ptolemies down to Ptolemy V himself ; his three colleagues, named in turn in the inscription, led the worship of Berenice Euergetis ( wife of Ptolemy III ), Arsinoe Philadelpha ( wife and sister of Ptolemy II ) and Arsinoe Philopator, mother of Ptolemy V. However, a second date is also given in the Greek and hieroglyphic texts, corresponding to, the official anniversary of Ptolemy's coronation.

Ptolemy's Geographia, written in the 2nd century, is sometimes considered to contain the first mentioning of the Saxons.

The construction of the zodiac is described in Ptolemy's Almagest ( 2nd century AD ).

He fled to Prince Ptolemy's fortress in Tusculum on 8 April and remained there, where he met the returning Crusader king Louis VII of France and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine.

Laplace's theory of celestial mechanics reduces to Kepler's when interplanetary interactions are ignored, and Kepler's reproduces Ptolemy's equant in a coordinate system where the Earth is stationary.

It is probable that Seleucus I Nicator, then an Admiral under Ptolemy's command, also took part in the battle, as following the battle he was given 800 infantry and 200 cavalry and immediately travelled to Babylon where he founded the Seleucid Empire

" For this, Sotades was imprisoned, but he escaped to the island of Caunus, where he was afterwards captured by Patroclus, Ptolemy's admiral, shut up in a leaden chest, and thrown into the sea.

Al-Biruni's work, The Keys of Astronomy, lists a number of those works, which can be classified into studies as part of commentaries on Ptolemy's Almagest as in the works of al-Nayrizi and al-Khazin where each demonstrated particular cases of Menelaus ' theorem that led to the sine rule, or works composed as independent treatises such as:

They are mentioned in Ptolemy's Geography and in Tacitus ' Germania ( chapter 32 ), where they are described as one of the neighbouring tribes to the Chatti and the Tencteri during the 1st century AD.

Described as " scientifically speaking, perfectly laudable " by one modern commentator, another has condemned these chapters as the place where Ptolemy's " knowledge, intelligence and rhetorical skill " are most " misused ".

Although eclipses are deemed relevant to any nation affiliated with the zodiac signs in which they occur, Ptolemy's scrutiny is reserved for regions where they are visible, which he argues will manifest the effects most noticeably.

Ptolemy's theme throughout the book is that charts of this nature cannot be judged in isolation, but are to be understood within the pattern of cycles to which they belong, and where there are strong connections between the degree points involved ; for:

Cleopatra dropped Ptolemy's name from official documents and her face appeared alone on coins, which went against Ptolemaic tradition of female rulers being subordinate to male co-rulers.

In the campaign of 306 BC against Ptolemy he defeated Menelaus, Ptolemy's brother, in the naval Battle of Salamis, completely destroying the naval power of Egypt.

Ptolemy's policy was to find a deity that should win the reverence alike of both groups, despite the curses of the Egyptian priests against the gods of the previous foreign rulers ( i. e. Set who was lauded by the Hyksos ).

It is therefore reasonable, in Ptolemy's estimation, to moderate actions with awareness of how the prevailing and future temperament prospers or injures the natal temperament, or to elect to act at a time that is astrologically suitable to the activity – just as it is deemed rational to use knowledge of the stars to ensure safety at sea ; to use knowledge of the lunar cycle to ensure successful breeding and sowing, or to cool ourselves against the extremes of temperature in order that we suffer less.

Neither Ptolemy's Almagest nor Al Sufi's Book of Fixed Stars noted this nebula, even though they both listed patches of nebulosity elsewhere in the night sky ; nor did Galileo mention it, even though he also made telescopic observations surrounding it in 1610 and 1617.

Concerning the location of Thule, a discrepancy in data caused subsequent geographers some problems, and may be responsible for Ptolemy's distortion of Scotland.

He gains some renown for his version of Euclid's Elements and his commentaries on Ptolemy's Almagest.

Alhazen wrote a scathing critique of Ptolemy's model in his Doubts on Ptolemy ( c. 1028 ), which some have interpreted to imply he was criticizing Ptolemy's geocentrism, but most agree that he was actually criticizing the details of Ptolemy's model rather than his geocentrism.

I confirm this view not only by refuting Ptolemy's and Aristotle's arguments, but also by producing many for the other side, especially some pertaining to physical effects whose causes perhaps cannot be determined in any other way, and other astronomical discoveries ; these discoveries clearly confute the Ptolemaic system, and they agree admirably with this other position and confirm it.

These cities would house a number of dynasties in their times, and based on Ptolemy's Geographia and the nomenclature of later kings, a certain Theophila in the south was also probably a satrapal or royal seat at some point.

* Edmond Halley, comparing his observations with Ptolemy's catalog, discovers the proper motion of some " fixed " stars.

Medieval world maps which share some characteristics of traditional mappae mundi but contain elements from other sources, including Portolan charts and Ptolemy's Geography are sometimes considered a fifth type, called " transitional mappae mundi ".

Ogden suggests that Ptolemy took her over at some later point, though other writers believe she was always Ptolemy's companion.

* Ptolemy's description of Ireland shows no trace of either the Goidelic or Laginian occupations of the country, both of which probably took place some centuries before Ptolemy's time.

Ptolemy's Almagest provided some conversions between the Callippic and Egyptian calendars, such as that Anthesterion 8, 47th year of the first Callippic period was equivalent to day 29 in the month of Athyr, in year 465 of Nabonassar.

Equally, Ptolemy's narrative was drawn upon by later philosophers and astronomers, such as Johannes Kepler who used similar examples and the same order of arguments to explain the physical foundation of some astrological claims.

However, a rough similarity to the coordinates of Ptolemy's earth-mapping gives some writers a hope that some terrestrial representation was intended by the unknown compilers.

It follows such actual events as the burning of Persepolis by Tais and her becoming Ptolemy's Egyptian queen, but also speculates on a love affair with Alexander and Tais's initiation in some of the obscure religions of the ancient world.

Its location cannot precisely be calculated from Ptolemy's account, which places it between Moryllus ( nowadays Ano Apostoli, Kilkis regional unit ) and Antigonia ( Paeonia ) which are some ways apart from one another.

The monastery also owns a rich library of some 15. 000 books which contains the Missal of Hrovoje of 1404, a Jewish Bible from the 11th century, Glagolitic sermons and Ptolemy's Atlas, printed in Venice in 1511.

Ptolemy's view of the north is so distorted that his names require some decoding to locate them, nor can that be done with very great certainty.