Purified water has many uses, largely in science and engineering laboratories and industries, and is produced in a range of purities.

This led to a reunification of the Purified Nationalists with the faction that had merged with the South African Party ; together, they formed the Herenigde Nasionale Party ( Reunited National Party ), which went on to defeat Smuts ' United Party in 1948.

He had organized a faction called " Purified CROM " that left the CROM en masse in 1932, which left the CROM representing only a few unions in the textile industry.

Purified nitrogen and argon gases are most commonly used as inert gases due to their high natural abundance ( 78 % N < sub > 2 </ sub >, 1 % Ar in air ) and low relative cost.

Purified water in colloquial English can also refer to water which has been treated (" rendered potable ") to neutralize, but not necessarily remove contaminants considered harmful to humans or animals.

Purified inactive chlorine was then added from one of the tubes described above and the mixture frozen out and sealed off in a flask equipped with a break seal.

Purified DNA ligase is used in gene cloning to join DNA molecules together to form recombinant DNA.

Purified germanium is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon.

Purified lanthanum remained in solution.

* Purified, it is added to bread and cereals as a source of calcium.

Purified MAM from subcellular fractionation has shown to be enriched in enzymes involved in phospholipid exchange, in addition to channels associated with Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > signaling.

Purified phospholipids are commercially produced by companies like Lipoid, VAV Life Sciences, Avanti Polar etc.

Purified RNA of a negative-sense virus is not infectious by itself as it needs to be transcribed into positive-sense RNA ; each virion can be transcribed to several positive-sense RNAs.

Purified neem oil is also used in nail polish & other cosmetics.

Purified by another distillation ( or several more ), this was then called spirit of wine rectified.

Purified protein derivative ( PPD ) tuberculin is a precipitate of species-nonspecific molecules obtained from filtrates of sterilized, concentrated cultures.

* Purified insulins – Insulins with much less of the impure proinsulin.

Aquafina uses the term " Purified Drinking Water " in reference to the product on its labeling in the United States.

Purified human prolactin was scarce, heterogeneous, unstable, and difficult to characterize.

" Purified by the Fire " ( Locust, 2005 ), recorded in December 1981, repeats the format of " C Tune ": Catherine Christer Hennix on tamboura and Flynt on electric violin.

The chief vehicle of Afrikaner nationalism at this time was the " Purified National Party " of D. F. Malan, which broke away from the National Party when the latter merged with Smuts ' South African Party in 1934.

In 2003, Poland performed a solo on Purified from the Lamb of God album As The Palaces Burn.

A hardline faction of Afrikaner nationalists, led by D. F. Malan, refused to accept the merger and maintained a rump National Party called the Gesuiwerde Nasionale Party ( Purified National Party ).

The Purified National Party used opposition to South African participation in World War II to stir up anti-British feelings amongst Afrikaners.

He expressed initial optimism that penicillin would be a useful disinfectant, being highly potent with minimal toxicity compared to antiseptics of the day, and noted its laboratory value in the isolation of Bacillus influenzae ( now Haemophilus influenzae ).

Fleming postulated the effect was mediated by an antibacterial compound named penicillin, and that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy.

Florey credited Dubos with pioneering the approach of deliberately and systematically searching for antibacterial compounds, which had led to the discovery of gramicidin and had revived Florey's research in penicillin.

The overuse of antibacterials, like penicillin and erythromycin, have been associated with emerging antibacterial resistance since the 1950s.

" It is highly probable that the correct information about the sulphonamide did not reach the newspapers because, since the original sulphonamide antibacterial, Prontosil, had been a discovery by the German laboratory Bayer, and as Britain was at war with Germany at the time, it was thought better to raise British morale by associating Churchill's cure with the British discovery, penicillin.

Procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin have the same antibacterial activity as benzylpenicillin but act for a longer time span.

Some antibacterial drugs such as penicillin interfere with the production of peptidoglycan by binding to bacterial enzymes known as penicillin-binding proteins or transpeptidases.

" Beginning in 1932, Kimball began suffering from painful boils and infectious sores, which plagued him until the advent of antibacterial medicines like sulfonamides and penicillin during World War II.

The antibacterial property of hen egg white, due to the lysozyme it contains, was first observed by Laschtschenko in 1909, although it was not until 1922 that the name ' lysozyme ' was coined, by Alexander Fleming ( 1881 – 1955 ), the discoverer of penicillin.

Notatin, extracted from antibacterial cultures of Penicillium notatum, was originally named Penicillin A, but was renamed to avoid confusion with penicillin.

When probenecid and penicillin are administered together, probenecid competitively inhibits the excretion of penicillin, increasing penicillin's concentration and prolonging its activity.

The narrow range of treatable diseases or " spectrum of activity " of the penicillins, along with the poor activity of the orally active phenoxymethylpenicillin, led to the search for derivatives of penicillin that could treat a wider range of infections.

The antibiotic penicillin irreversibly binds to and inhibits the activity of the transpeptidase enzyme by forming a highly stable penicilloyl-enzyme intermediate.

In 1940, Cornforth and other chemists measured the yield of penicillin in arbitrary units to understand the conditions that favoured penicillin production and activity, and he contributed to the authoring of The Chemistry of Penicillin.

These two pattern forming Paenibacillus strains exhibit many distinct physiological and genetic traits including β-galactosidase-like activity causing colonies to turn blue on X-gal plates and multiple drug resistance ( MDR ) ( including septrin, penicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, streptomycin and mitomycin C. Colonies that are grown on surfaces in Petri dishes exhibit several folds higher drug resistance in comparison to growth in liquid media.

Antibacterials such as penicillin and erythromycin, which used to have high efficacy against many bacterial species and strains, have become less effective, because of increased resistance of many bacterial strains.

Until the introduction of ampicillin by the British company Beecham, penicillin therapies had only been effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.

Unlike penicillin, macrolides have been shown to be effective against Legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma, mycobacteria, some rickettsia, and chlamydia.

Even in these early stages, penicillin was found to be most effective against Gram-positive bacteria, and ineffective against Gram-negative organisms and fungi.

The classical example of an antibiotic discovered as a defense mechanism against another microbe is the discovery of penicillin in bacterial cultures contaminated by Penicillium fungi in 1928.

Individuals who fail penicillin therapy may respond to treatment effective against beta-lactamase producing bacteria such as clindamycin or amoxicillin-clavulanate.

After the 20 July 1944 assassination attempt against Hitler, Morell treated him with topical penicillin, which had only recently been introduced into testing by the U. S. Army.

Although quickly eclipsed by these newer " sulfa drugs " and, in the mid-1940s and through the 1950s by penicillin and other antibiotics that proved more effective against more types of bacteria, Prontosil remained on the market until the 1960s.