Her half-aunt, the future Queen Isabella I of Castile, was due to inherit the crown, but Afonso V was keen to interfere with the succession in Castile.

Alfonso was the son of Queen Isabella II of Spain, and allegedly, of her husband and King Consort, Francis, Duke of Cádiz.

When Queen Isabella and her husband were forced to leave Spain by the Revolution of 1868, Alfonso accompanied them to Paris.

His second wife was Queen Isabella of Jerusalem, married January 1198 in Acre.

Two illuminated Psalters, the Queen Mary Psalter ( British Library Ms. Royal 2B, vii ) and the Isabella Psalter ( State Library, Munich ), contain full Bestiary cycles.

She was the youngest surviving child of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.

At an early age, Catherine was considered a suitable wife for Arthur, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of Henry VII of England and heir to the throne, due to the English ancestry she inherited from her mother Queen Isabella I of Castile.

* 1327 – Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.

* 1469 3 June – After the death of Alfonso de Castilla and the 1st Duke of Medina Sidonia, his son and heir Enrique de Guzman, 2nd Duke of Medina Sidonia changed side and in reward, saw the status of Gibraltar, as part of the domains of the Duke, confirmed by the Queen Isabella I of Castile.

* 1479 20 January – Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon – the Catholic Monarchs, jointly rule the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, including Gibraltar.

* 1502 2 January – Garcilaso de la Vega took possession of the town on behalf of the Queen Isabella I of Castile.

Contenders for the throne of Castile were Henry's one-time heir Joanna La Beltraneja, supported by Portugal and France, and Henry's half-sister Queen Isabella I of Castile, supported by the Kingdom of Aragon and by the Castilian nobility.

Ferdinand – resisting the wishes of his brother – decreed the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830, enabling his daughter Isabella to become Queen.

Ferdinand's death in 1833 and the accession of Isabella II as Queen of Spain sparked the First Carlist War ( 1833 – 1839 ).

Edward's downfall came in 1326 when his Queen Isabella travelled to her native France and then, along with her lover Roger Mortimer, invaded England.

Anne of Brittany, Queen consort of Louis XII often copied Isabella, who had a fashion doll made in her likeness.

* 1492 – The first grammar of the Spanish language is presented to Queen Isabella I.

A 13th-century depiction of John and his legitimate children, ( l to r ) Henry III of England | Henry, Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall | Richard, Isabella of England | Isabella, Eleanor of Leicester | Eleanor, and Joan of England, Queen consort of Scotland | Joan

( 2006 ) Queen Isabella: She-Wolf of France, Queen of England.

For Spain, dates commonly used are the death of King Ferdinand II in 1516, the death of Queen Isabella I of Castile in 1504, or the conquest of Granada in 1492.

Melilla was part of the Kingdom of Fez when the Catholic Monarchs, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon requested Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia, to take the city.

* 1492 – Queen Isabella of Castille issues the Alhambra decree, ordering her 150, 000 Jewish subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.

Through her mother, Mary was a granddaughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.

However, a large number of men refused to fight Mortimer and the Queen ; Henry of Lancaster, for example, was not even summoned by the king, and he showed his loyalties by raising an army, seizing a cache of Despenser treasure from Leicester Abbey, and marching south to join Mortimer.

They then dragged him into the city, presenting him ( in the market square ) to Queen Isabella, Roger Mortimer, and the Lancastrians.

With the King imprisoned, Mortimer and the Queen faced the problem of what to do with him.

Mortimer responded by commanding the Lord Mayor of London, Richard de Betoyne, to write to Parliament, asking them to go to the Guildhall to swear an oath to protect the Queen and Prince Edward, and to depose the King.

He was then dragged into the city, presented to Queen Isabella, Roger Mortimer, and the Lancastrians.

Isabella has been the subject of a number of other historical novels, including Margaret Campbell Barnes ' Isabel the Fair, Hilda Lewis ' Harlot Queen, Maureen Peters ' Isabella, the She-Wolf, Brenda Honeyman's The Queen and Mortimer, Paul Doherty's The Cup of Ghosts and Edith Felber's Queen of Shadows.

Philippa married Edward at York Minster, on 24 January 1328, eleven months after his accession to the English throne ; although, the de facto rulers of the kingdom were his mother, Queen Dowager Isabella and her avaricious lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, who jointly acted as his regents.

The party in the administration of Robert Harley ( created Earl of Oxford and Mortimer on 23 May 1711 ) and the Viscount Bolingbroke proved more flexible at the bargaining table and were characterised by the Whigs as " pro-French "; Oxford and Bolingbroke persuaded the Queen to create twelve new " Tory peers " to ensure ratification of the treaty in the House of Lords.

Somehow he became involved in the intrigues preceding the deposition of King Edward II, and supplied Queen Isabella and her lover, Roger Mortimer, in Paris with money in 1325 from the revenues of Brienne, of which province he was treasurer.

After the debacle of the Weardale campaign, the Dowager Queen Isabella, and Earl Mortimer of March, governing England on behalf of the underage Edward III of England, began to consider peace as the only remaining option.

He left several sons, his heir Edward being the father of Queen Anne's Lord Treasurer Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer.

His fortune changed, however, when the country was invaded in 1326 by Mortimer, who had made common cause with the king's wife, Queen Isabella.

On the Queen ’ s return to England in September 1326 with Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, Henry joined her party against King Edward II, which led to a general desertion of the king ’ s cause and overturned the power of Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester, and his namesake son Hugh the younger Despenser.

* C. G. Crump, " The Arrest of Roger Mortimer and Queen Isabel " ( EHR, XXVI, 1911 ), 331-2

In 1327, Edward was deposed by the Queen and her ally Roger Mortimer, and they made Thomas de Berkeley and his brother-in-law John Maltravers his joint custodians.

Productions of the decade included a revival of Enid Bagnold's The Chalk Garden, with Gladys Cooper ( 1971 ); the long-running A Voyage Round My Father ( John Mortimer ) starring Alec Guinness, succeeded by Michael Redgrave ( 1971 – 72 ); and, in 1972, Crown Matrimonial by Royce Ryton, starring Wendy Hiller as Queen Mary.

Warenne and his brother-in-law Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel were the last two earls to remain loyal to Edward II after the rise to power of Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer.

Earl Henry of Lancaster assented to the deposition of Edward II in 1327, but did not long stay in favour with the regency of Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer.

In 1326, Edmund joined a rebellion led by Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer, whereby Edward II was deposed.

Edward is forced to agree to this and banishes Gaveston to Ireland, but Isabella of France, the Queen, who still hopes for his favour, persuades Mortimer, who later becomes her lover, to argue for his recall, though only so that he may be more conveniently murdered.