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Page "History of Guatemala" ¶ 49
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Ríos and Montt
The coup leaders asked retired Gen. Efraín Ríos Montt to negotiate the departure of Lucas Guevara.
Ríos Montt had been the candidate of the Christian Democracy Party in the 1974 presidential election and was widely regarded as having been denied his own victory through fraud.
After a few months, Ríos Montt dismissed his junta colleagues and assumed the de facto title of " President of the Republic ".
Guerrilla forces and their leftist allies denounced Ríos Montt who sought to defeat the guerrillas with military actions and economic reforms ; in his words, " rifles and beans ".
In May 1982, the Conference of Catholic Bishops accused Ríos Montt of responsibility for growing militarization of the country and for continuing military massacres of civilians.
However, Ríos Montt won this partial victory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.
On August 8, 1983, Ríos Montt was deposed by his own Minister of Defense, General Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores, who succeeded him as de facto president of Guatemala.
Seven people were killed in the coup, although Ríos Montt survived to found a political party ( the Guatemalan Republic Front ) and to be elected President of Congress in 1995 and again in 2000.
Controlled by the anti-corruption parties — the populist Guatemalan Republican Front ( FRG ) headed by Ríos Montt, and the center-right National Advancement Party ( PAN ) — the new Congress began to move away from the corruption that characterized its predecessors.
Portillo was criticized during the campaign for his relationship with the FRG's chairman, former president Ríos Montt.
In July 2003, the Jueves Negro demonstrations rocked the capital, forcing the closing of the US embassy and the UN mission, as supporters of Ríos Montt called for his return to power.
Ríos Montt trailed a distant third with just 11 %.
* 1982 – Guatemala's government, headed by Fernando Romeo Lucas García is overthrown in a military coup by right-wing General Efraín Ríos Montt.
Six officials, among them Efraín Ríos Montt and Óscar Humberto Mejía, were formally charged on 7 July 2006 to appear in the Spanish National Court after Spain's Constitutional Court ruled in September 2005, the Spanish Constitutional Court declaration that the " principle of universal jurisdiction prevails over the existence of national interests ", following the Menchu suit brought against the officials for atrocities committed in the Guatemalan Civil War
Efraín Ríos Montt utilized this method in the Guatemalan highlands in 1982-3, resulting in the death of approximately 10, 000 indigenous peoples, and causing 100, 000 to leave their homes.
José Efraín Ríos Montt ( born June 16, 1926 ) is a former de facto President of Guatemala, dictator, army general, and former president of Congress.
Huehuetenango-born Ríos Montt remains one of the most controversial figures in Guatemala.
Ríos Montt has, at times, had close ties to the United States who gave him aid to fight against left-wing guerrillas.
Ríos Montt is best known outside Guatemala for heading a military regime ( 1982 – 1983 ) that was responsible for having defeated the guerrillas through the " guns and beans " campaign, maintaining " If you are with us, we ’ ll feed you, if not, we ’ ll kill you ".
Following the coup, Ríos Montt rose swiftly through the military.
In 1973, Ríos Montt resigned from his post at the Washington embassy to participate in the March 1974 presidential elections as the candidate of the National Opposition Front ( FNO ).
According to some accounts, Ríos Montt appeared to be on his way to a majority when the government abruptly halted the count and manipulated the results to make it appear Laugerud had won by a narrow plurality.
Ríos Montt denounced a " massive electoral fraud ", blaming Catholic priests who had questioned the mistreatment of the Catholic Mayans, and claimed that the priests were leftist agents.
On March 23, with the support of fellow soldiers, General Horacio Egberto Maldonado Schaad and Colonel Francisco Luis Gordillo Martínez, Ríos Montt seized power in a coup d ' état, that was quietly backed by the CIA, deposing General Romeo Lucas García.

Ríos and was
Ríos Montt's conscript army and PACs recaptured essentially all guerrilla territory — guerrilla activity lessened and was largely limited to hit-and-run operations.
Ríos Montt's brief presidency was probably the most violent period of the 36-year internal conflict, which resulted in thousands of deaths of mostly unarmed indigenous civilians.
On 15 February 1977, army corporal Osvaldo Ramón Ríos was killed after his patrol came under fire from a group of Montoneros that had barricaded themselves inside a house in the Ezpeleta suburb of Buenos Aires.
In 1526, Pedrarias was superseded as Governor of Panama by Pedro de los Ríos, and retired to León in Nicaragua, where he was named its new governor on July 1, 1527.
Buenos Aires Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas exerted a growing hegemony over the rest of the country during his 1835-1852 Government and resisted several Unitarian uprisings, but was finally defeated in 1852 by a coalition Army gathered by Entre Ríos Federalist Governor Justo José de Urquiza, who accused Rosas of not complying with Federal Pact provisions for a National Constitution.
1 ranking was challenged by Chilean player Marcelo Ríos.
In June 2007, Fabiana Ríos, a National Deputy enroled in ARI, was elected Governor of the Province of Tierra del Fuego, becoming the first governor belonging to this party.
Ríos perceived that the character Pedro, a small, incapable airplane, was a slight to Chileans and created a comic that could supposedly rival Disney's comic characters.
He was governor of Entre Ríos during the government of Juan Manuel de Rosas, governor of Buenos Aires with powers delegated from the other provinces.
He retired to San José Palace, his residence in Entre Ríos, where he ruled until he was assassinated at age 69 ( along with his sons Justo and Waldino ) by followers of dissident and political rival Ricardo López Jordán.
By 1681, the area of Presidio was known as La Junta de los Ríos, or the Junction of the Rivers.
In painting, magical realism is a term often interchanged with post-expressionism, as Ríos also shows, for the very title of Roh's 1925 essay was " Magical Realism: Post-Expressionism.
Condorito was created by the Chilean cartoonist René Ríos, known as Pepo.
The group has claimed responsibility for numerous bombings, attacks against the United States armed forces, and armed robberies since 1978, and was led primarily by former FBI Most Wanted Fugitive Filiberto Ojeda Ríos until his death in 2005.
The Boricua Popular Army was organized in the 1970s by Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Juan Enrique Segarra-Palmer and Orlando González Claudio.
* On September 23, 2005, the anniversary of " el Grito de Lares " (" The Cry of Lares ") members of the FBI San Juan field office surrounded a modest home in the outskirts of the town of Hormigueros, Puerto Rico, where Ojeda Ríos was believed to be hiding.
The FBI claims that it was performing surveillance of the area because of reports that Ojeda Ríos had been seen in the home.
In their press release, the FBI stated their surveillance team was detected, and proceeded to serving an arrest warrant against Ojeda Ríos.
During June 2003, Yolandita was part of a line of witnesses in a domestic violence trial with actor and model Osvaldo Ríos as defendant.
José Martí was killed in battle against Spanish troops at the Battle of Dos Ríos, near the confluence of the rivers Contramaestre and Cauto, on May 19, 1895.

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