* Gary Porton, The Traditions of Rabbi Ishmael ( Leiden: E. J.

This is not limited to the traditional thirteen textual tools attributed to the Tanna Rabbi Ishmael, which are used in the interpretation of halakha ( Jewish law ).

One is Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael, the other is Mekhilta de Rabbi Simeon bar Yohai.

** Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael.

Based on the same core material as Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael, it followed a second route of commentary and editing, and eventually emerged as a distinct work.

The Sifra work follows the tradition of Rabbi Akiva with additions from the School of Rabbi Ishmael.

Summaries of the principles by which Torah can be interpreted date back at least to Hillel the Elder, although the thirteen principles set forth in the Baraita of Rabbi Ishmael are perhaps the best known.

In the Sefer Hekalot, Rabbi Ishmael is described as having visited the 7th Heaven, where he meets Enoch, who claims that earth had, in his time, been corrupted by the demons Shammazai, and Azazel, and so Enoch was taken to Heaven to prove that God was not cruel.

This view of Akiba's, in spite of the energetic protests of his colleague Rabbi Ishmael, became the one generally accepted by his contemporaries, as Justin Martyr, l. c., lvii., indicates.

The name of an important 2nd century CE sage — Ishmael ben Elisha, known as " Rabbi Ishmael " ( רבי ישמעאל ), one of the Tannaim — indicates that the Biblical Ishmael enjoyed a positive image among Jews of the time.

According to Rabbi Ishmael, only the principal commandments of these 613 were given on Mount Sinai, the remainder having been given in the Tent of Meeting.

* Rabbi Ishmael ben Elisha

In the Talmud he is said to have taught Rabbi Ishmael ben Elisha hygiene.

The ascription of the Mekilta to Rabbi Ishmael and of the Jerusalem Talmud to Rabbi Johanan rests on a similar procedure.

Rabbi Akiva and his contemporary Rabbi Ishmael ben Elisha are most often the protagonists of later merkabah ascent literature.

They are: 1 ) Hekhalot Zutartey (" The Lesser Palaces "), which details an ascent of Rabbi Akiva ; 2 ) Hekhalot Rabbati (" The Greater Palaces "), which details an ascent of Rabbi Ishmael ; 3 ) Ma ' aseh Merkabah (" Account of the Chariot "), a collection of hymns recited by the " descenders " and heard during their ascent ; and 4 ) Sepher Hekhalot (" Book of Palaces ," also known as 3 Enoch ), which recounts an ascent and divine transformation of the biblical figure Enoch into the archangel Metatron, as related by Rabbi Ishmael.

* Giuseppe Barzilai goes back for explanation to the first verse of the prayer attributed to Rabbi Nehunya ben HaKanah, the literal rendering of which is “ O, with thy mighty right hand deliver the unhappy ,” forming from the initial and final letters of the words the word Abrakd ( pronounced Abrakad ), with the meaning “ the host of the winged ones ,” i. e., angels.

In Jewish lore, blood libels were the impetus for the creation of the Golem of Prague by Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel in the 16th century.

The philosopher and astronomer Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra ( c. 1140 ) established the symmetry of binomial coefficients, while a closed formula was obtained later by the talmudist and mathematician Levi ben Gerson ( better known as Gersonides ), in 1321.

In his commentary on the Talmud, Maimonides ( Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon ) wrote:

In it, Gans writes of an audience between the Maharal and Rudolph II: " Our lord the emperor … Rudolph … sent for and called upon our master Rabbi Low ben Bezalel and received him with a welcome and merry expression, and spoke to him face to face, as one would to a friend.

The Jewish calendar's epoch ( reference date ), 1 Tishrei 1 AM, is equivalent to Monday, 7 October 3761 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar, the equivalent tabular date ( same daylight period ) and is about one year before the traditional Jewish date of Creation on 25 Elul AM 1, based upon the Seder Olam Rabbah of Rabbi Yossi ben Halafta, a 2nd century CE sage.

* The work of the Rosh, Rabbi Asher ben Jehiel ( 1250 ?/ 1259 ?– 1328 ), an abstract of the Talmud, concisely stating the final halakhic decision and quoting later authorities, notably Alfasi, Maimonides, and the Tosafists.

* The Sefer Mitzvot Gadol ( The " SeMaG ") of Rabbi Moses ben Jacob of Coucy ( first half of the 13th century, Coucy, Northern France ).

* The Arba ' ah Turim ( The Tur, The Four Columns ) by Rabbi Jacob ben Asher ( 1270 – 1343, Toledo, Spain ).

In writing the Shulchan Aruch, Rabbi Karo based his rulings on three authorities — Maimonides ( Rambam ), Asher ben Jehiel ( Rosh ), and Isaac Alfasi ( Rif ); he considered the Mordechai in inconclusive cases.

Tradition records the young Israel ben Eliezer joining their ranks under Rabbi Adam Baal Shem and guiding their outreach.

The Medieval rabbinic figure Maimonides ( Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon ), also known as the Rambam, wrote a commentary to tractate Sanhedrin stressing a relatively naturalistic interpretation of the Messiah and de-emphasizing miraculous elements.

Mosheh ben Maimon ( משה בן מימון )‎, called Moses Maimonides and also known as Mūsā ibn Maymūn (), or RaMBaM ( רמב " ם – Hebrew acronym for " Rabbi Mosheh Ben Maimon "), was a preeminent medieval Jewish philosopher and one of the most prolific and followed Torah scholars and physicians of the Middle Ages.

His full Hebrew name is Rabbi Mosheh ben Maimon (), whose acronym forms " Rambam " ( רמב " ם ).

There were female Tannaic Torah jurists such as Rabbi Meir's wife, Rabbi Meir's daughter, and the daughter of Haninyah ben Teradyon Haninyah's daughter is again mentioned as a sage in the non-Talmud 3rd Century text Tractate Semahot verse 12: 13.

* Rabbi Obadiah ben Abraham of Bertinoro ( 15th century ) wrote one of the most popular Mishnah commentaries.

Traditionally attributed to the tannaitic Rabbi Yose ben Halafta.

A leading scholar of the Kabbalah, Moshe Idel ( Hasidism: Between Ecstasy and Magic, SUNY, 1995, pp. 17 – 18 ), ascribes this doctrine to the kabbalistic system of Rabbi Moses Cordovero ( 1522 – 1570 ) and in the eighteenth century, Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer, the Baal Shem Tov, founder of the Hasidic movement, as well as his contemporary, Rabbi Menahem Mendel, the Maggid of Bar.

Rabbi Peretz ben Elijah ruled, " The cry of the daughters of our people has been heard concerning the sons of Israel who raise their hands to strike their wives.

At the age of 17 he married and soon after went to learn in the yeshiva of Rabbi Yaakov ben Yakar in Worms, returning to his wife three times yearly, for the Days of Awe, Passover and Shavuot.

When Rabbi Yaakov died in 1064, Rashi continued learning in Worms for another year in the yeshiva of his relative, Rabbi Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi, who was also chief rabbi of Worms.

Among Akiva's other contemporaries were Elisha ben Avuya, Eliezer ben Tzodok, Eleazar ben Azaria, Gamliel II, Yehuda ben Betheira, Yochanan ben Nuri, Yosi Haglili, Rabbi Yishmael and Chanina ben Dosa.

Rabbi Moses Cordovero, Rabbi Shlomo Alkabetz, Rabbi Jacob Berab, Rabbi Moses di Trani, Rabbi Joseph Caro, Rabbi Hayyim Vital, Joseph ibn Tabul, Rabbi Abraham ben Eliezer ha-Levi Berukhim, Rabbi Israel Najara, Rabbi Eleazar Azikri, Rabbi Eliyahu de Vidas, and Rabbi Moses Alshech ;" including some lesser known figures such as Rabbi Joseph Hagiz, Rabbi Elisha Galadoa, and Rabbi Moses Bassola.

However, in both the Jerusalem Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud the major players in this Chariot / Throne endeavor are, clearly, Rabbi Akiva and Elisha ben Abuyah who is referred to as " Akher.

In the long study on these matters contained in " ' The Written ' as the Vocation of Conceiving Jewishly " J W ; 2006 the hypothesis is offered and defended that " Rabbi Ishmael ben Elisha " ( more often, simply " Rabbi Ishmael ") is in fact a Rabbinically sanctioned cognomen for Elisha ben Abuyah who, as is well known, apostatized from the Rabbinic Movement.