Rail fins enable high-performance surfing, and are most often " single-foiled ," with one flat side and one " foiled " side, as seen on an airfoil, for greater lift.

Rail fins are often seen in addition to a central fin, but can be used without a central fin as well.

Rail fins are more or less engaged by the rider's heel and toes as they lean in the desired direction of their turn.

Rail fins also add lift ( known as " drive ") in trim and with greater holding ability, enable steeper wave faces to be ridden and higher speed " down the line.

Rail fins also typically have some degree of " cant ," that is, are tilted out toward the rail they are adjacent to.

Rail fins evolved into being and surged into popularity as riders ( Simon Anderson, most famously ) sought a solution to two major performance issues of a central " single " fin-both related to engagement of the foil: For one, a centrally-mounted fin is tilted up out of the water as the board is leaned over, and thus it loses more and more of its lift as the lean angle increases-if the lean angle is acute enough, the fin's tip can be the only area left in the water ; the tip may then rapidly stall and, having lost its lift, become disengaged from the water, leaving the board's bottom as the only control surface still operating.

The national passenger and freight operator is called Bulgarian State Railways, but there are also a number of private operators including Bulgarian Railway Company and DB Schenker Rail Bulgaria.

Most of the railway track is managed by Network Rail, which as of 2010 had a network of of standard-gauge lines, of which are electrified.

Although passengers rarely have cause to refer to either document, all travel is subject to the National Rail Conditions of Carriage and all tickets are valid subject to the rules set out in a number of so-called technical manuals, which are centrally produced for the network.

Rail transport is fairly developed, with dual track and electrification not very common, although high-speed tilting trains are used on some routes.

Rail operations are provided by one state owned operator and several private operators ( mainly for sugar mills ):

The ten lines are the East Rail, Kwun Tong, Tsuen Wan, Island, Tung Chung, Tseung Kwan O, West Rail, Ma On Shan, the Airport Express and the Disneyland Resort lines.

A portion of the Cape Cod Rail Trail, as well as several other bicycle routes, are in town.

Ireland's railways are in State ownership, with Iarnród Éireann ( Irish Rail ) operating services in the Republic and NI Railways operating services in Northern Ireland.

The re-opening of the Navan-Clonsilla rail link and the Western Rail Corridor are amongst future projects as part of the same plan.

These locomotives are operated by Pacific National in Rail transport in Australia | Australia.

Relatively inexpensive elevated Light Rail Transit systems are used in some cities, such as Kuala Lumpur.

Most major Network Rail lines carry freight traffic and some lines are freight only.

There are some scheduled passenger services on their own privately managed, non-Network Rail lines, for example Heathrow Express which also partly runs on Network Rail and the London Underground also overlaps with Network Rail in places.

Several conurbations have their own metro or tram systems, most of which are not part of National Rail.

Rail systems typically have an interface with a passenger information system ( PIS ) server, at each station linked to train describers which state the location of rolling stock on the network from sensors on trackside signaling equipment.

Although the Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970, which established Amtrak, specifically states that " The Corporation will not be an agency or establishment of the United States Government ," the federal government ( through the United States Department of Transportation ) does own all issued and outstanding preferred stock in the company.

" Echoes of Rail Resound: Lima Loco Helped Define a Town that Worked ," The Lima News, September 17, 1997, p B1

Less than a year after the line opened, the State Rail Authority stated that " patronage has been lower than expected to date ", but they remained optimistic, believing " that as airport users become more familiar with this facility and the ingrained habits of many years gradually alter, patronage will continue to increase ," In 2000, the Airport Link Company went into receivership, exposing the government to costs of around $ 800 million ; it was put up for sale in early 2006.

On December 22, 1982 the Missouri Pacific merged with Union Pacific and Western Pacific Railroad companies to create the largest system in its day, the " Pacific Rail Systems ," under the holding company Union Pacific Corporation, but maintained its own corporate and commercial identity.

Each party took unusual pains to mobilize its followers in disciplined political clubs, but the most remarkable of these were the Lincoln " Rail Maulers " and " Wide Awakes ," whose organizations extended throughout the state.

The " 3R Act ," as it was called, provided interim funding to the bankrupt railroads and defined a new Consolidated Rail Corporation under the AAR's plan.

A typical response could be, " Standing by ", " Thank you, Sound ", " Standby Rail ," or simply " Lights.

Construction of the Southeastern Queens extension was " delayed to 1981 ," and the Long Island Rail Road extension through the lower level of the 63rd Street tunnel was " indefinite shelved.

In popular music, the GM & O line is referenced in Adrian Belew's " The Rail Song ," a nostalgic song about the heyday and subsequent decline of the American railroads.

" Cost Overruns and Demand Shortfalls in Urban Rail and Other Infrastructure ," Transportation Planning and Technology, vol.

In December 2011, the Massachusetts Department of Transportation announced that " is not pursuing the use of the Grand Junction for increased MBTA Commuter Rail service at this point ," opting instead to expand South Station, which would allow more service from Worcester without the need for a North Station route.

On 1 July 1951 Mr. Papadakos acquired property, originally known as the Long Island Rail Road depot of " Flowerfield ," at St. James, New York.

" The Rail Candidate "— Lincoln's 1860 candidacy is depicted as held up by the slavery issue — a slave on the left and party organization on the right.

The Cobble Hill Tunnel ( popularly the Atlantic Avenue Tunnel ) of the Long Island Rail Road is an abandoned railroad tunnel beneath Atlantic Avenue in downtown Brooklyn, New York City.

Rail transport in Belarus is operated by Belarusskaya Chyhunka

The barge and canal system contended favorably with the railways in the early industrial revolution prior to around the 1850s – 1960s for example, the Erie Canal in New York State is credited by economic historians with giving the growth boost needed for New York City to eclipse Philadelphia as America's largest port and city but such canal systems with their locks, need for maintenance and dredging, pumps and sanitary issues were eventually outcompeted in the carriage of high-value items by the railways due to the higher speed, falling costs, and route flexibility of Rail transport.

The British Rail " double arrow " logo is formed of two interlocked arrows showing the direction of travel on a double track railway and was nicknamed " the arrow of indecision ".< ref >

It is home to the only surviving population of the endemic, and endangered, Cocos Buff-banded Rail.

The Ferrocarril Domingo Faustino Sarmiento | Sarmiento Line is part of the extensive Rail transport in Argentina # Commuter network | Buenos Aires metropolitan rail system.

Rail service is provided by the city-owned Columbia Terminal ( COLT ) Railroad, which runs from the north side of Columbia to Centralia and a connection to the Norfolk Southern Railway.

From Elmers End to Woodside route 1 and route 4 ( and route 2 from Arena ) follow the former British Rail branch line to Addiscombe, then diverge to reach Addiscombe tram stop, which is 500 metres west of the now-demolished Addiscombe railway station.

* 1870 – The 12. 8-km long Fréjus Rail Tunnel through the Alps is completed.

The world's largest diesel engine is currently a Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C Common Rail marine diesel of about @ 102 rpm output.

The system is owned by Docklands Light Rail Limited, part of the London Rail division of Transport for London.

Deutsche Bahn ( German Rail ) is the major German railway infrastructure and service operator.

* Virgin Trains British Rail Class 221 unit 221129 is named in his honour.

A new high-speed service, namely the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link, is being built.