Rakim, Biggie, and Eminem have flipped the flow, but Melle Mel ’ s downbeat on the two, four, kick to snare cadence is still the rhyme foundation all emcees are building on ".

Artists and critics often credit Rakim with creating the overall shift from the more simplistic Old School flows to more complex flows near the beginning of Hip Hop ’ s new school – Kool Moe Dee says, “ any emcee that came after 1986 had to study Rakim just to know what to be able to do ... Rakim, in 1986, gave us flow and that was the rhyme style from 1986 to 1994 ... from that point on, anybody emceeing was forced to focus on their flow ”.

Kool Moe Dee explains that before Rakim, the term ‘ flow ’ wasn ’ t widely used – “ Rakim is basically the inventor of flow.

We were not even using the word flow until Rakim came along.

Kool Moe Dee states that Biggie introduced a newer flow which “ dominated from 1994 to 2002 ”, and also says that Method Man was “ one of the emcees from the early to mid -’ 90s that ushered in the era of flow ... Rakim invented it, Big Daddy Kane, KRS-One, and Kool G Rap expanded it, but Biggie and Method Man made flow the single most important aspect of an emcee ’ s game ”.

" He also notes Rakim for his " complex internal rhymes, literate imagery, velvet-smooth flow, and unpredictable, off-the-beat rhythms.

Time magazine listed it as one of the eighteen albums of the 1980s in its " All-TIME 100 " albums ; editor Alan Light acknowledged the record for changing the " sound, flow, and potential " of hip hop and that if Rakim is " the greatest MC of all time, as many argue, this album is the evidence ".

Rakim took lyrics about the art of rapping to new heights, while KRS-One and Chuck D pushed " message rap " towards black activism.

& Rakim's classic album Paid in Full was named the greatest hip hop album of all time by MTV, while Rakim himself was ranked # 4 on MTV's list of the Greatest MCs of All Time.

Rakim used a metaphorical example that Dr. Dre wanted Rakim to write about killing someone, while Rakim wanted to write about the resurrection of someone.

William Jelani Cobb stated in his book To the Break of Dawn that his rapping had " stepped outside " of the preceding era of old school hip hop and that while the vocabulary and lyrical dexterity of newer rappers had improved, it was " nowhere near what Rakim introduced to the genre ".

The shoe is also a focus of the 2007 Grammy-nominated single Classic ( Better Than I've Ever Been ), a collaboration between Kanye West, Nas, Rakim and KRS-One, that was produced by Rick Rubin.

In June 2008, on DJ Cisco's Urban Legend mixtape, Ice-T criticized DeAndre Cortez " Soulja Boy Tell ' Em " Way for " killing hip hop " and his song " Crank That " for being " garbage " compared to the works of other hip-hop artists such as Rakim, Das EFX, Big Daddy Kane and Ice Cube.

Since 2000, however, the members of the group have worked together on various songs and rumors of a full-length HRSMN album are rampant to this day and include speculation about collaborations with Pharoahe Monch, Common and Rakim, among others.

A second single, Metaforce, featuring a rap by Rakim, preceded the 1999 release of the concept album The Seduction of Claude Debussy on the ZTT label.

& Rakim, released July 25, 1988 on MCA-subsidiary label Uni Records.

Featuring a broader spectrum of sounds than the James Brown samples that had defined the initial release, Follow the Leader saw Rakim at his most lyrically fierce, issuing deft and def threats on such tracks as ' Microphone Fiend ,' ' Lyrics of Fury ,' and the nearly felonious ' No Competition.

Rakim was signed to Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment record label in 2000, for work on an album tentatively titled Oh, My God.

While working on the album, Rakim made guest appearances on numerous Aftermath projects, including the hit single " Addictive " by Truth Hurts, the Dr. Dre-produced " The Watcher Part 2 " by Jay-Z, and Eminem's 8 Mile soundtrack.

Rakim retreated to his Connecticut estate to work leisurely on music.

According to MTV, " We'd been used to MCs like Run and DMC, Chuck D and KRS-One leaping on the mic shouting with energy and irreverence, but Rakim took a methodical approach to his microphone fiending.

Rolling Stone magazine listed it at number 227 on " The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time ", calling it " Ice-grilled, laid-back, diamond-sharp: Rakim is a front-runner in the race for Best Rapper Ever, and this album is a big reason why.

Early influences on the genre included American hip-hop icons Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, The Sugarhill Gang, Kurtis Blow, Run-D. M. C., Ice-T, KRS-ONE & Boogie Down Productions and Eric B. and Rakim among many others.

& Rakim, released July 25, 1988 on MCA-subsidiary label Uni Records.

& Rakim worked with audio engineers Carlton Batts and Patrick Adams on the album.

Early hip-hop acts affiliated with the Five Percenters, and who spread its teachings through hip hop, include two MC's of the late 1980s – early ’ 90s conscious-rap era — Rakim of Eric B.

From that period to date, Jaz has accumulated volumes of songs of his own to be released in 2006 titled JazO: THE LEGACY ( Kingz Kounty Entertainment / Red Line Music Distribution, Inc .) Being the producer of the demo that got The Lox their deal with Bad Boy in ’ 96, JazO has blessed the likes of Rakim, M. O. P., Foxy Brown, Queen Latifah, Kool G Rap and numerous others.

Golden age hip hop ( cited as either just the late ' 80s or the late 80s to early 90s ) was the time period where hip-hop lyricism went through its most drastic transformation – writer William Jelani Cobb says " in these golden years, a critical mass of mic prodigies were literally creating themselves and their art form at the same time " and Allmusic writes, " rhymers like PE's Chuck D, Big Daddy Kane, KRS-One, and Rakim basically invented the complex wordplay and lyrical kung-fu of later hip-hop ”.

During the time of the first flights, Frederick W. Lanchester, Martin Wilhelm Kutta, and Nikolai Zhukovsky independently created theories that connected circulation of a fluid flow to lift.

These are incandescent regions of the electrode surface that are created by a localized high current flow.

Through signal generation, voice and instrument-level processing, a signal flow is created and controlled either by MIDI capabilities or voice and instrument-level controls.

Lake Nasser's waters fill the area through Lower Nubia ( Upper Egypt and northern Sudan ) within the narrow canyon between the cliffs of sandstone and granite created by the flow of the river over many centuries.

The FET controls the flow of electrons ( or electron holes ) from the source to drain by affecting the size and shape of a " conductive channel " created and influenced by voltage ( or lack of voltage ) applied across the gate and source terminals.

Although the bridge has created additional commerce, the Lao government does not yet permit a completely free flow of traffic across the span.

Assuming that the air is incompressible, the rate of flow ( e. g. liters or gallons per minute ) must be constant within each streamtube since matter is not created or destroyed.

The preprocessor also provides an ability to write out the content of the macros and to add to already created macros in any place in the text of the literate program source file, thereby disposing of the need to keep in mind the restrictions imposed by traditional programming languages or to interrupt the flow of thought.

This Act was created to promote employment of older persons based on their ability rather than age ; to prohibit arbitrary age discrimination in employment ; to help employers and workers find ways of meeting problems arising from the impact of age on employment because in the face of rising productivity and affluence, older workers find themselves disadvantaged in their efforts to retain employment, and especially to regain employment when displaced from jobs ; the setting of arbitrary age limits regardless of potential for job performance has become a common practice, and certain otherwise desirable practices may work to the disadvantage of older persons ; the incidence of unemployment, especially long-term unemployment with resultant deterioration of skill, morale, and employer acceptability is, relative to the younger ages, high among older workers ; their numbers are great and growing ; and their employment problems grave ; and the existence in industries affecting commerce, of arbitrary discrimination in employment because of age, burdens commerce and the free flow of goods in commerce.

It may contain patterns of gas bubbles remaining from the lava flow, aligned along layers created as the molten rock was flowing before being cooled.

Industry developed slowly because the flow of goods from Europe and later from North America created a disincentive for local production.

Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage ( SMES ) systems store energy in the magnetic field created by the flow of direct current in a superconducting coil which has been cryogenically cooled to a temperature below its superconducting critical temperature.

In petrol engines, instead, vacuum is obtained as a side-effect of the operation of the engine and the flow restriction created by the throttle plate.

Arcjets are a form of electric propulsion for spacecraft, whereby an electrical discharge ( arc ) is created in a flow of propellant ( typically hydrazine or ammonia ).

Several British and French operations took place beyond Flanders during the 3rd Ypres campaign, intended to assist Allied operations at Ypres, by obstructing the flow of munitions and reinforcements to the German Fourth Army in Belgium and to exploit opportunities created by the German need to economise elsewhere.

The TPD was formally created by the 29th Century, and was enforced through an agency of Star Fleet called the Temporal Integrity Commission, which monitored and restricted deviations from the natural flow of history.

As the throttle is opened up slightly from the fully closed position, the throttle plate uncovers additional fuel delivery holes behind the throttle plate where there is a low pressure area created by the throttle plate blocking air flow ; these allow more fuel to flow as well as compensating for the reduced vacuum that occurs when the throttle is opened, thus smoothing the transition to metering fuel flow through the regular open throttle circuit.

Circulation is created by arranging product so the supermarket can control the traffic flow of the consumer.

The created electrical potential difference drives current flow if a circuit is attached to the source of emf.

Ideally, waterbars should be created, with or without ditching, at major points of water flow on or along the trail, and in conjunction, if possible, with existing drainage channels below the trail.

The work created a gauging station for flow measurement, and increased the capacity of the channels to reduce the risk of flooding.