* Tributes to the Lubavitcher Rebbe by Menachem Begin, Bill Clinton, Newt Gingrich, Israel Meir Lau, John Lewis, Joseph Lieberman, Yitzhak Rabin, Aviezer Ravitzky, Jonathan Sacks, Lawrence Schiffman, Adin Steinsaltz, Margaret Thatcher, Elie Wiesel and Elliot Wolfson.

* Aviezer Ravitzky of Hebrew University, Abraham: Father of the Believers, ( Hebrew )

Ravitzky, ibid.

* Aviezer Ravitzky.

While the idea of resurrection of the dead is present, there is no idea of Messianism, a fact that lends strong support to the theory of a Jewish origin.

Aside from the Christian mysticist and millenarian elements, Monk's beliefs also bear resemblances to Jewish Messianism.

Between Enlightenment and Apocalypse: Benjamin, Bloch and Modern German Jewish Messianism IN: New German Critique, No. 34 ( 1985 ).

Furthermore, many Messianic believers deny the authority of the Pharisees, believing that they were superseded, and their teachings contradicted, by Messianism.

The new articulation and cosmic doctrines of redemption in Kabbalah, taught by Isaac Luria in the 16th Century, inspired a new mystical awareness and focus on Messianism.

Though Mickiewicz was deeply influenced by Messianism, he believed this was a time when more than just spirituality was needed: it was a time for political action.

At this time Hugh Schonfield's book about the fundamental ideas behind the Servant-Nation, The Politics of God, was published and received much interest, particularly because it had been preceded by the best-seller, The Passover Plot, which had created much discussion and aroused interest in the concept of Messianism.

* Dein, Simon and Dawson, Lorne L. " The ' Scandal ' of the Lubavitch Rebbe: Messianism as a Response to Failed Prophecy ," Journal of Contemporary Religion, 23, 2 ( 2008 ), 163-180.

Islamic Messianism State Univ of New York Press ( USA ), 1981, ISBN 0-87395-458-0

" Messianism, Holiness, Charisma, and Community: The American-Swedish Colony in Jerusalem, 1881-1933 ," Church History, 65 ( 4 ), pages 641-657.

17th century Khmelnytsky Uprising | destructions and Sabbatai Zevi | false Messianism brought disillusionment to the Jews of Eastern Europe.

' " According to the Bible, " God raised him from the dead ," he ascended to heaven, to the " right hand of God ", and will return again to fulfill the rest of Messianic prophecy such as the Resurrection of the dead, the Last Judgment and establishment of the Kingdom of God ; see also Messianism and Messianic Age.

* Unterman, Alan Reinterpreting Mysticism and Messianism, MyJewishLearning. Com, Kabbalah and Mysticism

* Caputo, Nina, Nahmanides in Medieval Catalonia: History, Community and Messianism.

Open Secret: Postmessianic Messianism and the Mystical Revision of Menahem Mendel Schneerson.

* Reuven Kimelman " The Messiah of the Amidah: A Study in Comparative Messianism.

Táhirih, led a radical interpretation, that though it split the Babi community, wedded Messianism with Babism.

Messianism is the belief in a messiah, a savior or redeemer.

As there are many lines in Judaism such as Kohanim and Levites to name only two more, there are contestions, but contemporary thought holds that the concept of Messianism is subject to critical revision.

He studied the genealogy of totalitarianism, arguing that political Messianism stemmed from the French Revolution, and stressed the similarities between Jacobinism and Stalinism.

He coined the terms Totalitarian Democracy and Political Messianism.

His main works are The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy and Political Messianism: The Romantic Phase.

Scholars have also noted themes of Messianism in the document.

This is, of course, Messianism nearly fifteen hundred years before its appearance among the Hebrews.

It is one of the Biblical names taken up after the advent of Zionism and which are not attested in earlier Jewish society.

One of the main proponents of a Jewish homeland in Palestine was Chaim Weizmann, the leading spokesperson for organized Zionism in Britain.

In late 1905 Balfour had requested of Charles Dreyfus, his Jewish constituency representative, that he arrange a meeting with Weizmann, during which Weizmann asked for official British support for Zionism ; they were to meet again on this issue in 1914.

Then Jesus will return visibly to earth and re-establish the nation of Israel ; the Jewish temple will be rebuilt at Jerusalem and the Temple mount, possibly in place of the Muslim Dome of the Rock ( see Christian Zionism ).

" The rise of Christian Zionism — that is, religiously motivated Christian interest and support for the state of Israel — along with a growth of philo-Semitism ( love of the Jewish people ) has increased interest among American Evangelicals in Judaism, especially areas of commonality with their own beliefs, see also Jerusalem in Christianity.

However, Zionism was created mainly by non-religious ( sometimes anti-religious ) people who re-evaluated many Biblical characters ( as well as characters from later Jewish history ) according to the criteria of a secular national movement in need of National Heroes.

As with many European national movements which served as an example to the founders of Zionism, ancient Jewish warriors in general and warrior kings in particular were often regarded positively.

The articles identified by Arafat as nullified call for Palestinian unity in armed struggle, deny the legitimacy of the establishment of Israel, deny the existence of a Jewish people with a historical or religious connection to Palestine, and label Zionism a racist, imperialist, fanatic, fascist, aggressive, colonialist political movement that must be eliminated from the Middle East for the sake of world peace.

It was not until the Gamal Abdel Nasser era that Arab nationalism ( in addition to Arab socialism ) became a state policy and a means with which to define Egypt's position in the Middle East and the world, usually articulated vis-à-vis Zionism in the neighboring Jewish state of Israel.

Zionism (, Tsiyonut ) is a form of nationalism of Jews and Jewish culture that supports a Jewish nation state in territory defined as the Land of Israel.

Zionism supports Jews upholding their Jewish identity and opposes the assimilation of Jews into other societies and has advocated the return of Jews to Israel as a means for Jews to be liberated from anti-Semitic discrimination, exclusion, and persecution that has occurred in other societies.

Although initially one of several Jewish political movements offering alternative responses to assimilation and antisemitism, Zionism grew rapidly and became the dominant force in Jewish politics with the destruction of Jewish life in Central and Eastern Europe where these alternative movements were rooted.

These two outcomes represent the historical success of Zionism, unmatched by any other Jewish political movement in the past 2, 000 years.

* November 2 – Zionism: The Balfour Declaration proclaims British support for the " establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people " with the clear understanding " that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities ".

To this day some Jewish groups, such as the Jewish Defense League, consider Redgrave an opponent and a supporter of terrorism, citing remarks she has made such as, " Zionism is a brutal, racist ideology.

British express interest in Zionism, and describe their main intent of developing a Jewish National Home.

After his recovery he started work on a book to be called The Necessity for Zionism ; although the book was never written, he did publish a number of books on Jewish topics.

Toynbee investigated Zionism in 1915 at the Information Department of the Foreign Office, and in 1917 he published a memorandum with his colleague Lewis Namier which supported exclusive Jewish political rights in Palestine.

Labor Zionism became the dominant tendency in the World Zionist Organization and in 1935 Ben-Gurion became chairman of the executive committee of the Jewish Agency, a role he kept until the creation of the state of Israel in 1948.

According to Teveth ' through his campaign to mobilize the Yishuv in support of the British war effort, he strove to build the nucleus of a " Hebrew army ", and his success in this endeavor later brought victory to Zionism in the struggle to establish a Jewish state.

# Zionism — the advocacy of a Jewish national state in Palestine — which countered Soviet views of nationalism.