Reference counting is also among the simplest forms of garbage collection to implement.

Reference counting performance does not deteriorate as the total amount of free space decreases.

Reference counting in naive form has two main disadvantages over the tracing garbage collection, both of which require additional mechanisms to ameliorate:

Apple's Cocoa Touch framework, used on its iOS devices, also uses manual reference counting, and does not support automatic garbage collection, though Automatic Reference Counting was added in iOS 5 and Mac OS X 10. 7.

* Atomic Reference Counting Pointers: A lock-free, async-free, thread-safe, multiprocessor-safe reference counting pointer, Kirk Reinholtz

it: Reference counting

* Reference counting

Reference counting schemes record the number of references to a given object and collect the object when the reference count becomes zero.

Reference counting can be used to let the reader perform removal so, even if the same thread performs both the update step ( step ( 2 ) above ) and the reclamation step ( step ( 4 ) above ), it is often helpful to think of them separately.

Reference to them is made according to the organization of Immanuel Bekker's Royal Prussian Academy edition ( Aristotelis Opera edidit Academia Regia Borussica, Berlin, 1831 – 1870 ), which in turn is based on ancient classifications of these works.

The mens rea for assault is simply " evil intent ", although this has been held to mean no more than that assault " cannot be committed accidentally or recklessly or negligently " as upheld in Lord Advocate's Reference No 2 of 1992 where it was found that a " hold-up " in a shop justified as a joke would still constitute an offence.

Reference to a market at Abergavenny is found in a charter granted to the Prior by William de Braose ( d. 1211 ).

) The language is described in detail in the Atlas Autocode Reference Manual.

The following example is from the Users ' Reference to B by Ken Thompson:

The DCT that is widely used in this regard was introduced by N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974 ; see Reference 1 in discrete cosine transform.

According to the National Academy of Sciences, the Dietary Reference Intake for protein is 0. 8 grams per kilogram of body weight for adults.

Its measurement by several observatories is coordinated by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service ( IERS ).

Reference is made to the Sellier-Bellot scale that consists of a series of 10 detonators, from n. 1 to n. 10, each of which corresponds to an increasing charge weight.

* Fortran 77 4. 0 Reference Manual ( This link is broken )

The game is compatible with the D & D 4th Edition rules and the System Reference Document, but is not considered a separate D & D setting.

Such a frame is, e. g., WGS84, or the frames that are regularly produced and published by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service ( IERS ).

Reference is made within the story to the York Minster, where the climactic wedding takes place, and to the Bishop of Sheffield, although the Diocese of Sheffield was not founded until 1914.

Reference to Imbolc is made in Irish mythology, in the Tochmarc Emire of the Ulster Cycle.

One of the most widely used models is the International Reference Ionosphere ( IRI ) ( IRI 2007 ), which is based on data and specifies the four parameters just mentioned.

Reference is made, for example, to baptizing a person and their whole household – the households of Lydia, Crispus, and Stephanas are mentioned by name Acts 16: 14-15, 18: 8 ; 1 Cor 1: 16.

The International Celestial Reference System ( ICRS ) is based on hundreds of extra-galactic radio sources, mostly quasars, distributed around the entire sky.

Sheehy's Guide is less international in its scope than Walford: " It seems that Walford is a somewhat better balanced work than Winchell, and is certainly much more comprehensive "-- American Reference Books Annual, quoted in Walford, A. J.

Reference to Islamic views on religious pluralism is found in the Quran.

Reference may also be made to the treatise of Czapski-Eppenstein, pp. 155 – 161.

Reference failures can also be addressed by free logics.

Reference work may also refer to the work that librarians perform at a library reference desk.

Reference counts are also useful information to use as input to other runtime optimizations.

Reference to the witan's acta or official decisions are also preserved in law codes.

The OSI Reference Model was also recognized by CCITT Rapporteur's Group on " Layered Model for Public Data Network Services.

Some indications are also given on the initial set of protocols which will-likely be developed in this OSI Reference Model.

While SDH is considered to be a transmission protocol ( Layer 1 in the OSI Reference Model ), it also performs some switching functions, as stated in the third bullet point requirement listed above.

Reference is also made to the advancement of transporter technology in the same episode, where Chief O ' Brien states that each individual transporter pad has four redundant scanners, and that in the event a scanner fails the other three will take over.

The IERS Reference Meridian ( IRM ), also called the International Reference Meridian, is the reference meridian used as the prime meridian ( 0 ° longitude ) by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service ( IERS ).

It is also the reference meridian of the Global Positioning System operated by the United States Department of Defense, and of WGS84 and its two formal versions, the ideal International Terrestrial Reference System ( ITRS ) and its realization, the International Terrestrial Reference Frame ( ITRF ).

Reference Annie Carpenter Love, History of Navarro County ( Dallas: Southwestern, 1933 ) See also, www. tshaonline. org / handbook / online /

The Rolex Explorer II Reference 1655, is also now so-called Rolex Steve McQueen in the horology collectors world, but the Rolex Submariner Reference 5512 he was often photographed wearing in private moments sold for $ 234, 000 at auction on June 11, 2009, a world-record price for the reference.

Role and Reference Grammar is related to other functional theories, like S. Dik's Functional Grammar, and also to the cognitive linguistics field pioneered by Ronald Langacker.

It also hosts the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, which is one of the seven scientific institutes of the European Commission ’ s Joint Research Centre.

Reference may also be made to William Munk's Roll of the Royal College of Physicians ( 2nd ed., London, 1878 ); and the Introduction, by J. F. Payne, to a facsimile eproduction of Linacre's version of Galen de temperamentis ( Cambridge, 1881 ).

He is also the founding editor of The Justice Professional, and serves as editor for Criminal Justice in the Twenty-first Century, as well as Imprint Advisor for the Criminal Justice Reference Series.

# Measurement – program that creates a hierarchy of performance metrics ( see also Metrics Reference Model ) and benchmarking that informs business leaders about progress towards business goals ( business process management ).