Bahá ' ís interpret lineal descendency to mean physical familial relation to Bahá ' u ' lláh, of which Mason Remey was not.

Those close to Remey claimed that he went senile in old age, and by the time of his death he was largely abandoned, with his most prominent followers fighting amongst themselves for leadership.

Charles Mason Remey ( May 15, 1874 – February 4, 1974 ) was a prominent and controversial American Bahá ' í who was appointed in 1951 a Hand of the Cause, and president of the International Bahá ' í Council.

When Shoghi Effendi died in 1957, he died without explicitly appointing a successor Guardian, and Remey was among the nine Hands of the Cause elected as an interim authority until the election of the first Universal House of Justice in 1963.

His claim resulted in the largest schism in the history of the Bahá ' í Faith, with a few groups still holding the belief that Remey was the successor of Shoghi Effendi.

Born in Burlington, Iowa, on May 15, 1874, Mason was the eldest son of Rear Admiral George Collier Remey and Mary Josephine Mason Remey, the daughter of Charles Mason, the first Chief Justice of Iowa.

With a background in architecture, Remey was asked to design the Australian and Ugandan Bahá ' í House of Worship which still stand today and are the mother temples for Australasia and Africa respectively.

A prolific writer, Remey wrote numerous published and personal articles promoting the Bahá ' í Faith, including ` Abdu ' l-Bahá – The Center of the Covenant and the five volume A Comprehensive History of the Bahá ' í Movement ( 1927 ), The Bahá ' í Revelation and Reconstruction ( 1919 ), Constructive Principles of The Bahá ' í Movement ( 1917 ), and The Bahá ' í Movement: A Series of Nineteen Papers ( 1912 ) are a few of the titles of the many works Remey produced while ` Abdu ' l-Bahá was still alive.

Three years later, in 1960, Remey made a written announcement that his appointment as president of the international council represented an appointment by Shoghi Effendi as Guardian, because the appointed council was a precursor to the elected Universal House of Justice, which has the Guardian as its president.

Remey himself declared that being the Guardian gave him the exclusive right to declare who was or wasn't a Covenant-breaker, and that those who opposed him and followed the Hands of the Cause were Covenant-breakers.

Donald Harvey ( d. 1991 ), was appointed by Remey as " Third Guardian " in 1967.

Joel Marangella was president of Remey's " Second International Bahá ' í Council " claimed in 1969 to have been secretly appointed by Remey as Guardian several years earlier, whose followers are now known as Orthodox Bahá ' ís.

Another of Remey's followers, Leland Jensen ( d. 1996 ), who made a several religious claims of his own, formed a sect known as the Bahá ' ís Under the Provisions of the Covenant following Remey's death ; he believed that Remey was the adopted son of Abdu ' l-Baha, and that Remey's adopted son Joseph Pepe was the third Guardian.

The Orthodox Bahá ' í Faith is a small Bahá ' í sect that formed in 1960 by Mason Remey, and subsequently was the name used by Joel Marangella after he claimed to be Remey's successor.

As a group who believe that Mason Remey was the second Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith, they are considered heretical Covenant-breakers by the majority of Bahá ' ís who follow the leadership of the Universal House of Justice.

The result was that Remey was unanimously expelled from the Bahá ' í community by the Hands of the Cause.

When Shoghi Effendi died in 1957, Remey and the other Hands of the Cause met in a private Conclave at Bahjí in Haifa, and determined that he hadn't appointed a successor.

Remey signed a unanimous declaration of the Hands that Shoghi Effendi had died " without having appointed his successor ".

Remey based his claim on his being the president of the International Bahá ' í Council appointed by Shoghi Effendi in 1951.

" Later that year, Remey asked the NSAUHG to dissolve, as well as the International Bahá ' í Council that he had appointed with Joel Marangella as president, residing in France.

In 1965 Mason Remey called for the International Bahá ' í Council, of which Marangella was president, to become active.

When Remey died his followers split into rival factions with each believing in a different Guardian.

Over the years following 1966 the followers of Mason Remey were not organized ; with some of his followers concluding that Remey was suffering from dementia, until several of the individuals involved began forming their own groups based on different understandings of succession.

In 1962 Remey gave Marangella a sealed envelope, with instructions to open it when the time was right.

Marangella then opened the sealed letter, which was a hand-written note by Remey appointing Marangella as his successor.

Remey then changed his mind, deactivated the International Bahá ' í Council in 1966, and in 1969 Marangella announced that he was the third Guardian.

* Charles Mason Remey ( 1951 – 61 ) President ; Hand of the Cause

In 1960 Remey, a Hand of the Cause himself, retracted his earlier position, and claimed to have been coerced.

The main examples of these are Mírzá Muhammad ` Alí and Charles Mason Remey.

Most of the groups regarded by the larger group of Bahá ' ís as Covenant-breakers originated in the claims of Charles Mason Remey to the Guardianship in 1960.

The largest group of the remaining followers of Remey, members of the so called " Orthodox Bahá ' í Faith ", believe that legitimate authority passed from Shoghi Effendi to Mason Remey to Joel Marangella.

However, in 1960 Remey declared himself to be the successor of Shoghi Effendi, and expected the allegiance of the world's Bahá ' ís.

Remey ’ s parents raised him in the Episcopal Church.

Remey trained as an architect at Cornell University ( 1893 – 1896 ), and the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, France ( 1896 – 1903 ) where he first learned of the Bahá ' í Faith.

Remey traveled extensively to promote the Bahá ' í Faith during the ministry of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

Shoghi Effendi recorded that Remey and his Bahá ' í companion, Howard Struven, were the first Bahá ' ís to circle the globe teaching the religion.

According to Juliet Thompson's diary, ` Abdu ' l-Bahá suggested that she marry Remey, and in 1909 asked her how she felt about it, reportedly requesting of her: “ Give my greatest love to Mr. Remey and say: You are very dear to me.

I hope it may come to pass ... He told me He loved Mason Remey so much ,” Thompson writes, “ and He loved me so much that he wished us to marry.

six days after war was declared he appointed Raymond Fosdick chairman of the Commission on Training Camp Activities ( the CTCA ).

Jefferson Lawrence was alone at the small, perfectly appointed table by the window looking out over the river.

Dr. Gordon N. Ray, Provost, Vice-President and Professor of English in the University of Illinois, was appointed Associate Secretary General.

In 1800, Manthey went abroad and Oersted was appointed manager of the Lion Pharmacy.

In a course for supermarket operators, a district manager who had been recently appointed to his position after being outstandingly successful as a store manager, found that in supervising other managers he was having a difficult time.

So was the attack upon Charles E. Bohlen when Eisenhower appointed him Ambassador to Moscow.

Two millions were added to what had been set aside for it in Mrs. Meeker's lifetime, and the proviso made that as long as Brian Thayer continued to discharge his duties as administrator of the fund to the satisfaction of the board of trustees ( hereinafter appointed by the bank administering the estate ) he was to be retained in his present capacity at a salary commensurate with the increased responsibilities enlargement of the fund would entail.

In October 1944, he was appointed state warden and chief of the Forest Fire Section.

Vincent G. Ierulli has been appointed temporary assistant district attorney, it was announced Monday by Charles E. Raymond, District Attorney.

Her husband recently was appointed vice president of the university, bringing them back here from the east.

A notable example of this was the discussion of Christian unity by the Catholic Archbishop of Liverpool, Dr. Heenan, and the Anglican Archbishop of York, Dr. Ramsey, recently appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.

" After repeated calls on Grant to defend Washington, Sheridan was appointed and the threat from Early was dispatched.

Aristotle was appointed as the head of the royal academy of Macedon.

Johnston remained on his plantation after the war until he was appointed by President Taylor to the U. S. Army as a major and was made a paymaster in December 1849.

Eastern Tennessee was held for the Confederacy by two unimpressive brigadier generals appointed by Jefferson Davis, Felix Zollicoffer, a brave but untrained and inexperienced officer, and soon to be Maj. Gen. George B. Crittenden, a former U. S. Army officer with apparent alcohol problems.

Among his staff was Isham G. Harris, the Governor of Tennessee, who had ceased to make any real effort to function as governor after learning that Abraham Lincoln had appointed Andrew Johnson as military governor of Tennessee.

Suleiman ibn Kutalmish was the son of the contender for Arslan's throne ; he was appointed governor of the north-western provinces and assigned to completing invasion of Anatolia.

In 1950, van Vogt was briefly appointed as head of L. Ron Hubbard's Dianetics operation in California.

In 1787 a bishop of Nova Scotia was appointed with a jurisdiction over all of British North America ; in time several more colleagues were appointed to other cities in present-day Canada.

In time, it became natural to group these into provinces and a metropolitan was appointed for each province.

He was also appointed organist for the Bach Concerts of the Orféo Català at Barcelona and often travelled there for that purpose.