" The most learned man anywhere to be found " according to Einhard's Life of Charlemagne, he is considered among the most important architects of the Carolingian Renaissance.

Renaissance architecture was keen to revive the classical vocabulary and styles, and the informed use and variation of the classical orders remained fundamental to the training of architects throughout Baroque, Rococo and Neo-classical architecture.

The Colossal order was invented by architects in the Renaissance.

In the Renaissance period the Italian doors are quite simple, their architects trusting more to the doorways for effect ; but in France and Germany the contrary is the case, the doors being elaborately carved, especially in the Louis XIV and Louis XV periods, and sometimes with architectural features such as columns and entablatures with pediment and niches, the doorway being in plain masonry.

It is among the best preserved of Rome's ancient buildings and was highly influential to many of the great architects of the Italian Renaissance and Baroque periods.

Through his book, Alberti opened up his theories and ideals of the Florentine Renaissance to architects, scholars and others.

Category: Renaissance architects

The phenomenon of perspective was closely studied by artists and architects in the Renaissance, who relied mainly on the 11th century polymath, Alhazen ( Ibn al-Haytham ), who affirmed the visibility of perceptual space in geometric structuring projections.

Famous artists and architects, such as Bramante, Bernini and Raphael resided for some time in Rome, contributing to its Renaissance and Baroque architecture.

Prince Ivan III introduced Renaissance architecture to Russia by inviting a number of architects from Italy, who brought new construction techniques and some Renaissance style elements with them, while in general following the traditional designs of the Russian architecture.

The contemporary Parthenon, the largest temple in classical Athens, is also in the Doric order, although the sculptural enrichment is more familiar in the Ionic order: the Greeks were never as doctrinaire in the use of the Classical vocabulary as Renaissance theorists or neoclassical architects.

Category: Renaissance architects

Filippo Brunelleschi (; 1377 – April 15, 1446 ) was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance.

Category: Renaissance architects

He owned books by influential Italian Renaissance architects such as Sebastiano Serlio and Leon Battista Alberti and his library contained books by French architects, sculptors, illustrators and architectural theorists such as Jean Cotelle, Philibert de l ' Orme, Abraham Bosse, Jean Bullant, Salomon de Caus, Roland Fréart de Chambray, Hugues Sambin, Antoine Desgodetz, and John James's translation of Claude Perrault's Treatise of the Five Orders.

During the Renaissance and Baroque architects a range of pilaster forms.

In 1913, the architects Janssen & Abbott designed a larger white terra cotta-sheathed addition in a Neoclassical revival style structure with Renaissance Revival style details.

Taft Jr. by architects Walker & Eisen, in the Renaissance Revival style.

Italian painters, sculptors, composers, and architects also dominated the Baroque movement that began near the end of the Renaissance and ended in the 1700s.

Leon Battista Alberti was another early Renaissance architect whose theories and designs had an enormous influence on later architects.

* Filippo Brunelleschi ( 1377-1446 ), one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance

The works of Renaissance writers often included and expanded upon Christian and non-Christian stories such as those of creation and the Fall.

The humanist tradition of the Renaissance included a revival of interest in Europe's classical past in ancient Greece and Rome.

Due to his literary style and the thoroughness of his research — which seemingly included studying Roman imperial archives and heavily relying on Thucydides — and his apparent rigor — for he tended not to support any character or subject, taking an impartial point of view — he was by far the most read and admired historian during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the early Modern Era.

This system is included in the list of simple machines identified by Renaissance scientists.

His accomplishments as Pope included the establishment of the Sistine Chapel ; the group of artists that he brought together introduced the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpiece of the city's new artistic age, the Vatican Archives.

Further developments of this technique included clausulae, conductus and the motet ( most notably the isorhythmic motet ), which, unlike the Renaissance motet, describes a composition with different texts sung simultaneously in different voices.

He was still seen by 20th century critics like Bernard Berenson as the " most famous and most loved " master of the High Renaissance, but it would seem he has since been overtaken by Michelangelo and Leonardo in this respect .< ref > For what it is worth, Amazon UK's " Renaissance " top 25 bestsellers list included five books with Leonardo in the title, three with Michelangelo, and one with Raphael.

Besides Copernicus, Albert's students included the mathematician Bernard Wapowski and the German poet and Renaissance humanist, Conrad Celtis, who in Kraków established the first Central European literary society, Sodalitas Litterana Vistulana.

Later games included 1914, Anzio, 1776, Jutland, Third Reich, Panzer Blitz, Kingmaker, Napoleon, Victory in the Pacific, The Russian Front, Republic of Rome, Age of Renaissance, Storm Over Arnhem, Turning Point Stalingrad, Up-Front ( a card driven game ), Raid on St. Nazaire, Successors of Alexander the Great, London is Burning and Atlantic Storm.

Later, during the Renaissance, the city benefited from it becoming fashionable for rich châtelains to travel along the val-de-Loire ( a fashion begun by the king himself, whose royal domains included the nearby Chambord, Amboise, Blois, and Chenonceau ).

During the Renaissance, Boccaccio, a 14th century humanist, included Eirene in De mulieribus claris ( Latin for On Famous Women ).

It is not included in the Pope's official titles, but appears on buildings, monuments and coins of popes of Renaissance and modern times.

The great Spanish composers of the Renaissance included Francisco Guerrero and Cristóbal de Morales, both of whom spent a significant portion of their careers in Rome.

While the range of religious subject matter included subjects from the Old Testament and images of saints whose cults date after the codification of the Bible, the Madonna remained a dominant subject in the iconography of the Renaissance.

This attacked the fashion for Italianate Renaissance art, ridiculed Reynolds and included a nude caricature of Kauffman, later painted out by Hone.

" International currencies in the past have included the Chinese Liang and Greek drachma, coined in the fifth century B. C., the silver punch-marked coins of fourth century India, the Roman denari, the Byzantine solidus and Islamic dinar of the middle-ages, the Venetian ducato of the Renaissance, the seventeenth century Dutch guilder and of course, more recently, sterling and the dollar .”

Various styles and techniques such as Baroque, Renaissance and Classic are represented here in over 5, 000 buildings included in the catalogue.

Nonetheless a 1952 catalog from the memorial industry still included 8 pages of them, broken down into, Georgian and Classical detail, a Gothic and Renaissance adaptation, and a Modern variant.

Interest in the pastoral as a subject for art revived in Renaissance Italy, partly inspired by the descriptions of pictures Sannazzaro included in his Arcadia.

Notable painters included Master Theoderic and the Master of the Třeboň Altarpiece in Bohemia, the Master of the Parement, Jacquemart de Hesdin and the Netherlandish Limbourg brothers in France, and Gentile da Fabriano, Lorenzo Monaco and Pisanello in Italy, the last taking the style into the Early Renaissance.

His studies included all the wide range of subjects, classics, science and philosophy, which constituted the curriculum of the Renaissance savants.

Natural history referred to the descriptive aspects of biology, though it also included mineralogy and other non-biological fields ; from the Middle Ages through the Renaissance, the unifying framework of natural history was the scala naturae or Great Chain of Being.