The end of the 18th century was a time of great political and social turmoil in Ireland, as the United Irishmen, inspired by the American and French Revolutions, sought to achieve a greater degree of independence from Britain.

B. Nelson, " Scholastic Rationales of ' Conscience ', Early Modern Crises of Credibility, and the Scientific-Technocultural Revolutions of the 17th and 20th Centuries ," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 7 ( 1968 ): 157-177

In the period between the two Russian Revolutions ( 1907 – 1917 ) a Railway Station of Russian architecture of the 17th century style, the city power station, two girls ' schools, the School of Commerce, and Versailles Hotel were constructed.

The American and French Revolutions of the late eighteenth century further weakened the theory's appeal, and by the early twentieth century, it had been virtually abandoned.

During the Revolutions of 1848 he agreed to a constitutional regime that remained in place for the century that the Kingdom of Italy lasted.

The black-red-gold tricolour first appeared in the early 19th century and achieved prominence during the 1848 Revolutions.

Europe emerged from the 16th-17th century Wars of Religion ready to try secular alternatives, for which humanistic philosophies of Rationalism and Empiricism, fortified by the Scientific Revolutions, inclined lay philosophers toward the progressive view of history inaugurated by Classical philanthropy.

Early in the sixteenth century Nicolaus Copernicus drastically reformed the model of astronomy by displacing the Earth from its central place in favour of the Sun, yet he called his great work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres ).

Canada experienced heavy immigration from Europe in the mid-19th century, especially from Ireland, which experienced famine in the 1840s, and Germany, with refugees fleeing the social unrest of the German Revolutions.

The Age of Enlightenment also led to the beginnings of modern democracy in the late-18th century American and French Revolutions.

" Atlantic Revolutions " is a cover term for a wave of late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century revolutions associated with Atlantic history during the The Age of Enlightenment.

Since then, the symbol has been used by movements officially based on libertarian principles, such as the Atlantic Revolutions of the late 18th century.

Since the 19th century, the political territory of Mexico witnessed turbulent clashes between the conservative and liberal ideologies, an inheritance of the 300 years of European colonialism at its rawest and the influence of the French and American Revolutions, respectively.

It is still a popular form today in Mexico, and was widely popular during the Nicaraguan Revolutions of the 20th century.

States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China is a 1979 book by political scientist and sociologist Theda Skocpol, published by Cambridge University Press and explaining the causes of revolutions through the structural functionalism sociological paradigm comparative historical analysis of the French Revolution of 1787 through the early 19th century French Revolution, the Russian Revolution of 1917 through the 1930s Russian Revolution and the Chinese Revolution of 1911 through the 1960s Cultural Revolution.

Skocpol argues that these three cases, despite being spread over a century and a half, are similar in the sense that all three were Social Revolutions

However, they have only been found and published in the 1930s when the Soviet Revolutions of the 20th century had already taken place.

Romanticism was a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during and after the Industrial and French Revolutions.

States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China.

Proudhon was surprised by the Revolutions of 1848 in France.

States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China.

# Rowdy Revolutions: France – ( French Revolution )

* 1848 Revolutions in France

Revolutions in America, France, Russia and ( much later ) Spain were in part directed against the established churches ( or rather their leading clergy ) and instituted a separation of church and state.

* Bruce Vandervort, National Guard ( France ), on the online Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions, James Chastain, ed.

Their resistance was not limited to Polish revolutionary activity, as they also participated in various lands during the Revolutions of 1848, including France, the small principalities of Germany and Italy, Austria, Hungary, and the Danubian principalities Wallachia and Moldavia, the South American countries Argentina and Uruguay ( participating in the " Guerra Grande ") and later the Crimean War.

: In States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China Theda Skocpol compares the major revolutions of France, Russia and China: three basically similar events which took place in three very different contexts.

Theda Skocpol in her article " France, Russia, China: A Structural Analysis of Social Revolutions " states that social revolution is a " combination of thoroughgoing structural transformation and massive class upheavals " ( 175 ).

His chief literary works were the Miscellanies ( 1821 ), a collection of essays written for the Monthly Anthology and the North American Review, on subjects ranging from the " Secret Causes of the American and French Revolutions " to human misery, purring cats, and cranberry sauce ; The Life of James Otis of Massachusetts ( 1823 ), generally considered Tudor's best work ; and Gebel Teir ( 1829 ), an anonymous satire on international politics in which a council of birds, representing the United States, Spain, England, France, and the Elysian Fields, gathers to discuss politics.

* French Revolutions: Cycling the Tour de France ( 2001 ) ( ISBN 0-09-943382-6 )

After the Russian revolution of 1905, Leon Trotsky argued that unlike the French revolution of 1789 and the European Revolutions of 1848 against absolutism, the capitalist class would never organise a revolution in Russia to overthrow absolutism, and that this task fell to the working class who, liberating the peasantry from their feudal yoke, would then immediately pass on to the socialist tasks and seek a " permanent revolution " to achieve international socialism.

* Andrews Matthews, Revolutions and Reaction: Europe 1789 – 1849.

Thus, many Jews supported the American Revolution of 1776, the French Revolution of 1789, and the European Revolutions of 1848 ; while Jews in England tended to vote for the Liberal Party, which had led the parliamentary struggle for Jewish Emancipation — an arrangement called by some scholars “ the liberal Jewish compromise ”.

It also contained a popular history of the French Revolutions from 1789 to 1830.

Nobility and hereditary titles were abolished by the Revolutions of 1789 and 1848, but hereditary titles were restored by decree in 1852 and have never since been abolished in law.

The Tibetan Revolutions Museum established by the Chinese in Lhasa has numerous morbid ritual objects on display to illustrate these claims.

Leitmotifs established in The Matrix return-such as the Matrix main theme, Neo and Trinity's love theme, the Sentinel's theme, Neo's flying theme, and a more frequent use of the four-note Agent Smith theme-and others used in Revolutions are established.

The numerous provisional governments during the Revolutions of 1848 gave the word its modern meaning: A liberal government established to prepare for elections.

Before the start of a fully established Romanticism concomitant with the Revolutions of 1848, some Romanticist ideas ( e. g. the usage of national language to rally for national unification of all classes ) were developing, especially among monastic clergy in Vojvodina.

A paradigm shift ( or revolutionary science ) is, according to Thomas Kuhn, in his influential book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ( 1962 ), a change in the basic assumptions, or paradigms, within the ruling theory of science.

Skocpol asserts that Social Revolutions are rapid and basic transformations of a society's state and class structures.

What is unique about Social Revolutions, she says, is that basic changes in social structure and political structure occur in a mutually reinforcing fashion and these changes occur through intense sociopolitical conflict.