Gillingham notes that Roger of Howden's chronicle is the main source for Richard's activities in this period, although he notes that it records the successes of the campaign ; it was on this campaign that Richard acquired the name " Richard the Lionheart ".

It became the main residence of the Gascoigne family after the death of Richard's father Frederick at Parlington Hall in 1905.

The township's main population centre is Richard's Landing.

Philip now marched southward into the Berry region, and his primary objective was the fortress of Issoudun, which had just been captured by Richard's mercenary commander, Mercadier.

Richard's dark eyes came up and seemed for the tiniest moment to reflect sharp light.

The group performed the music for Richard's debut feature film, Forbidden Zone.

John Lackland, Richard's successor, refused to come to the French court for a trial against the Lusignans and, as Louis VI had done often to his rebellious vassals, Philip II confiscated John's possessions in France.

Armed conflict broke out between John and Longchamp, and by October 1191 Longchamp was isolated in the Tower of London with John in control of the city of London, thanks to promises John had made to the citizens in return for recognition as Richard's heir presumptive.

The eastern border region of Normandy had been extensively cultivated by Philip and his predecessors for several years, whilst Angevin authority in the south had been undermined by Richard's giving away of various key castles some years before.

At the start of 1193, John paid a visit to Philip in Paris where he paid homage for Richard's continental lands.

Richard's Council of the North, derived from his ducal council, greatly improved conditions for Northern England, as commoners of that region were formerly without any substantial economic activity independent of London.

Hume acknowledges that some historians have argued " that he was well qualified for government, had he legally obtained it ; and that he committed no crimes but such as were necessary to procure him possession of the crown ", but he dismisses this view on the grounds that Richard's exercise of arbitrary power encouraged instability.

A Rose for the Crown, by Anne Easter Smith, is about Kate Haute who is portrayed as the mother of Richard's illegitimate children.

At the ceremony where Richard's betrothal was confirmed, he paid homage to the King of France for Aquitaine, thus securing ties of vassalage between the two.

Eleanor remained Henry II's prisoner until his death, partly as insurance for Richard's good behaviour.

At the same time, John, Richard's brother, and King Philip of France offered marks for the Emperor to hold Richard prisoner until Michaelmas 1194.

Finally, in 2011, through the efforts of Ruben Angelici's scholarship, the first, full translation of Richard's ' De Trinitate ' has been released for publication in English and now this scholastic masterpiece is readily available to a wider audience to be appreciated in its entirety.

As a philosopher known for his writings on nationality, economic matters, aphorisms published in Poor Richard's Almanac and polemics in favor of American Independence.

After his death, Richard's body was put on public display in the old St Paul's Cathedral to prove to his supporters that he was truly dead, though this did not stop rumours from circulating for years after that he was still alive and waiting to take back his throne.

There is no conclusive evidence of Richard's intention to marry Elizabeth ( which would have been subject to the Pope granting dispensations for such marriages ), although Sir George Buck later stated to have uncovered a now lost letter from Elizabeth which indicated she was involved and willing.

Anne and Richard's romance is the centerpiece for Anne O ' Brien's novel, The Virgin Widow.

For example, one plot thread involves moving a sofa which is irreversibly stuck on the staircase to Richard's apartment ; according to his simulations, not only is it impossible to remove it, but there is no way for it to have got into that position in the first place.

There are quantum mechanics references as well ; phenomena of non-locality, as in the EPR paradox, make appearances, and the concept of Schrödinger's Cat plays a part in helping Dirk determine Richard's mental state, Richard producing clear and rational arguments for why the experiment proposed in the theory cannot be carried out in reality.

It may be that he felt he had to maintain this posture of loyalty to protect his son Henry Bolingbroke ( the future Henry IV ), who had also been one of the Lords Appellant, from Richard's wrath ; but in 1398 Richard had Bolingbroke exiled, and on John of Gaunt's death the next year he disinherited Bolingbroke completely, seizing Gaunt's vast estates for the Crown.

The boys could have been used by Richard's enemies as figureheads for rebellion.

Some, notably Paul Murray Kendall, regard Buckingham as the likeliest suspect: his execution, after he had rebelled against Richard in October 1483, might signify that he and the king had fallen out because Buckingham had taken it on himself for whatever reason to dispose of Richard's rival claimants ; alternatively, he could have been acting on behalf of Henry Tudor ( later to become King Henry VII ).

However neither document states whether Buckingham acted for himself, on Richard's orders, or in collusion with the Tudor party.

He identified Tyrrell as the murderer, acting on Richard's orders, and told the story of Tyrrell's confession, which took place after he had been arrested for treason against Henry VII.

This was just Richard's way of saying that last year the Birds opened spring training with a lot of jobs wide open.

When Richard's parents told him they wanted to take him to an orthodontist -- a dentist who specializes in realigning teeth and jaws -- their young son was interested.

The black Fudo seemed to stare rigidly back at him and Richard's eyes were caught by the Fudo's in fascination, and then Richard was shocked as, all at once, flames shot out from the sharp features of Fudo's face and there was a terrible metallic scraping sound, as if the large statue were about to burst from some pressure within it.

Richard's younger brother John, who succeeded him, was not so fortunate ; he suffered the loss of Normandy and numerous other French territories following the disastrous Battle of Bouvines.

The crown of France was saved by Richard's demise after a wound he received fighting his own vassals in Limousin.

John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard's royal administrators whilst his brother was participating in the Third Crusade.

Richard's policy on the continent was to attempt to regain the castles he had lost to Philip II whilst on crusade through steady, limited campaigns.

Another innovation of Richard's, increased charges levied on widows who wished to remain single, was expanded under John.

When his son Richard's first boy Elliot was born, he tried to give him an MG 08 machine gun, which his daughter-in-law refused to accept.

When Richard's second son Harry was born, Michael bought him a train set.

This should have reverted to Philip upon the end of the betrothal, but Philip, to prevent the collapse of the Crusade, agreed that this territory was to remain in Richard's hands, and would be inherited by his male descendents.

Then in 1198, Henry the Holy Roman Emperor died, and his successor was to be Otto IV, Richard's nephew, who in turn put additional pressure on Philip.

The truce held and later that year, Richard was killed during a siege involving one of Richard's vassals.

Richard's grandson, Adam Petty, was killed in an accident at New Hampshire International Speedway on May 12, 2000, five weeks after the death of Lee.

In popular culture, Robin Hood is typically seen as a contemporary and supporter of the late-12th-century king Richard the Lionheart, Robin being driven to outlawry during the misrule of Richard's brother John while Richard was away at the Third Crusade.

" Francis James Child indeed retitled Child ballad 102 ; though it was titled The Birth of Robin Hood, its clear lack of connection with the Robin Hood cycle ( and connection with other, unrelated ballads ) led him to title it Willie and Earl Richard's Daughter in his collection.

Richard's father was the son of Sir William Lovelace and Elizabeth Aucher who was the daughter of Mabel Wroths and Edward Aucher, Esq.

The first, in October 1483, was led by staunch allies of Edward IV and most notably by Richard's former ally, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham.

The conspiracy was led by Richard's former ally Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham.

Buckingham's army was greatly troubled by the same storm and deserted when Richard's forces came against them.

Richard's naked body was then exposed, possibly in the collegiate foundation of the Annunciation of Our Lady, before being buried at Greyfriars Church, Leicester.