According to Richard Dawkins, a distinction between agnosticism and atheism is unwieldy and depends on how close to zero we are willing to rate the probability of existence for any given god-like entity.

Richard Dawkins in his book River Out of Eden used the computer bootstrapping concept to explain how biological cells differentiate: " Different cells receive different combinations of chemicals, which switch on different combinations of genes, and some genes work to switch other genes on or off.

Why this should have happened is, to me, the most profound mystery facing modern biology " Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene.

According to Richard Dawkins in his book The Ancestor's Tale, chimps and bonobos may be descended from Australopithecus.

In the United Kingdom the term often retains its positive sense as a reference to natural selection, and for example Richard Dawkins wrote in his collection of essays A Devil's Chaplain, published in 2003, that as a scientist he is a Darwinist.

Dennett is referred to as one of the " Four Horsemen of New Atheism ", along with Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and the late Christopher Hitchens.

Dennett's views on evolution are identified as being strongly adaptationist, in line with his theory of the intentional stance, and the evolutionary views of biologist Richard Dawkins.

This stems from Gould's long-running public debate with E. O. Wilson and other evolutionary biologists over human sociobiology and its descendant evolutionary psychology, which Gould and Richard Lewontin opposed, but which Dennett advocated, together with Dawkins and Steven Pinker.

Mayr rejected the idea of a gene-centered view of evolution and starkly but politely criticized Richard Dawkins ' ideas:

* The ESS was a major element used to analyze evolution in Richard Dawkins ' bestselling 1976 book The Selfish Gene.

In The Selfish Gene, evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins writes that " Blood-feuds and inter-clan warfare are easily interpretable in terms of Hamilton's genetic theory.

" In his book The God Delusion, the biologist Richard Dawkins sharply criticized Dyson for accepting the Templeton Prize in 2000.

In The Dawkins Delusion ?, Christian theologian Alister McGrath and his wife, psychologist Joanna Collicutt McGrath, compare Richard Dawkins ' " total dogmatic conviction of correctness " to " a religious fundamentalism which refuses to allow its ideas to be examined or challenged.

Richard Dawkins has rejected the charge of " fundamentalism ," arguing that critics mistake his " passion "— which he says may match that of evangelical Christians — for an inability to change his mind.

* Richard Dawkins ' The God Delusion and Atheist Fundamentalism by Simon Watson, published in Anthropoetics XV, 2 Spring 2010

* Natural ' Knowledge ' and Natural ' Design ' by Richard Dawkins

Richard Dawkins cited Jaynes ' ideas in his book The God Delusion, stating " It is one of those books that is either complete rubbish or a work of consummate genius, nothing in between ...".

Among its more famous critics are the evolutionary biologists Richard Dawkins, Ford Doolittle, and Stephen Jay Gould – notable, given the diversity of this trio's views on other scientific matters.

* Dawkins, Richard.

The word meme is a shortening ( modeled on gene ) of mimeme ( from Ancient Greek μίμημα mīmēma, " something imitated ", from μιμεῖσθαι mimeisthai, " to imitate ", from μῖμος mimos " mime ") and it was coined by the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene ( 1976 ) as a concept for discussion of evolutionary principles in explaining the spread of ideas and cultural phenomena.

The word meme originated with Richard Dawkins ' 1976 book The Selfish Gene.

Richard Dawkins initially defined meme as a noun that " conveys the idea of a unit of cultural transmission, or a unit of imitation ".

Richard Dawkins noted the three conditions that must exist for evolution to occur:

Although social scientists such as Max Weber sought to understand and explain religion in terms of a cultural attribute, Richard Dawkins called for a re-analysis of religion in terms of the evolution of self-replicating ideas apart from any resulting biological advantages they might bestow.

To say nothing of minor opponents, such as " Philaretus " ( Gilbert Burnet, already alluded to ), Dr John Balguy ( 1686 – 1748 ), prebendary of Salisbury, the author of two tracts on " The Foundation of Moral Goodness ", and Dr John Taylor ( 1694 – 1761 ) of Norwich, a minister of considerable reputation in his time ( author of An Examination of the Scheme of Amorality advanced by Dr Hutcheson ), the essays appear to have suggested, by antagonism, at least two works that hold a permanent place in the literature of English ethics — Butler's Dissertation on the Nature of Virtue, and Richard Price's Treatise of Moral Good and Evil ( 1757 ).

Richard Lovelace used the name in a poem (" To Althea, From Prison ") that John Milton later alluded to in Lycidas.

The Scottish lawyer Richard Findlay had previously alluded to it in a 1999 interview with Annette McCann.

The Saharan family was recognized by Heinrich Barth in 1853, the Nilotic languages by Karl Richard Lepsius in 1880, the various constituent branches of Central Saharan ( but not the connection between them ) by Friedrich Müller in 1889, and the Maban family by Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes in 1907.

These and other developments hint that the retroactive rediscovery of Feynman ’ s “ Plenty of Room ” gave nanotechnology a packaged history that provided an early date of December 1959, plus a connection to the charisma and genius of Richard Feynman.

As noted above, Richard appears in connection with Robin Hood in Sir Walter Scott's novel Ivanhoe and the many works derived from the novel, and in numerous films about Robin Hood.

** Bruno Richard Hauptmann is arrested in connection with the Lindbergh kidnapping case.

Richard Hough, in his 1980 biography of Mountbatten, indicates that Mountbatten was approached during the 1960s in connection with a scheme to install an " emergency government " in place of Wilson's administration.

The historical parallels in the succession of Richard II may not have been intended as political comment on the contemporary situation, with the weak Richard II analogous to Queen Elizabeth and an implicit argument in favour of her replacement by a monarch capable of creating a stable dynasty, but lawyers investigating John Hayward's historical work, The First Part of the Life and Raigne of King Henrie IV, a book partly derived from Shakespeare's Richard II, chose to make this connection.

The Garth family owned the land and maintained their connection with the parish for the next four centuries, living at Morden Hall Park until the manor was sold by another Sir Richard Garth in 1872.

It has been stated elsewhere that he was the grandson of the inventor William Friese-Greene, who is credited by some as the inventor of cinematography, but Friese-Greene's genealogy shows no connection whatsoever to Richard Greene.

of an Illustrated Record of English Literature ( 1903 – 1904 ) undertaken in connection with Dr Richard Garnett.

The technique is notably associated with the operas of Richard Wagner, although he was not its originator, and did not employ the word in connection with his work.

In addition, Sir Georg Solti and producer John Culshaw received the first NARAS Trustees ’ Award in 1967 for their " efforts, ingenuity, and artistic contributions " in connection with the first complete recording of Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen with the Vienna Philharmonic.

Scott was especially interested in Arthur Prior's approach to tense logic and the connection to the treatment of time in natural-language semantics, and began collaborating with Richard Montague ( Copeland 2004 ), whom he had known from his days as an undergraduate at Berkeley.

Richard immediately establishes a connection with the audience with his opening monologue.

As another source of her transformation into an organizer, biographer Elliott Gorn draws out her early Roman Catholic connection – including bringing to light her relationship to her estranged brother, Father William Richard Harris, Roman Catholic teacher, writer, pastor, and Dean of the Niagara Peninsula ( in St Catharine's ) in the Diocese of Toronto, who was " among the best-known clerics in Ontario.

A castle was built on the site by Earl Richard in 1233, to establish a connection with the Arthurian legends that were associated by Geoffrey of Monmouth with the area and because it was seen as the traditional place for Cornish kings.

This report also concerns the arrest of one Richard Bruno Hauptmann, charged with Extortion in connection with the $ 50, Thousand Lindbergh Ransom Money .</ u > September 25, 1934.

The Supreme Court addressed ' executive privilege ' in United States v. Nixon, the 1974 case involving the demand by Watergate special prosecutor Archibald Cox that President Richard Nixon produce the audiotapes of conversations he and his colleagues had in the Oval Office of the White House in connection with criminal charges being brought against members of the Nixon Administration.

On April 20, 2012, the longtime mayor Richard Marcotte was arrested in connection with a corruption investigation.

Richard Bey later attributed a direct connection between the two consecutive events.

The show was cancelled the following day and Richard Bey later attributed a direct connection between the two consecutive events

It is recorded that King Richard I granted a fief on the island to a vassal named Blondel, but it remains uncertain as to whether this has any connection with the legend, or whether the legend has any connection with the known trouvère.