According to Richard Dawkins, a distinction between agnosticism and atheism is unwieldy and depends on how close to zero we are willing to rate the probability of existence for any given god-like entity.

Richard Dawkins in his book River Out of Eden used the computer bootstrapping concept to explain how biological cells differentiate: " Different cells receive different combinations of chemicals, which switch on different combinations of genes, and some genes work to switch other genes on or off.

Why this should have happened is, to me, the most profound mystery facing modern biology " Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene.

According to Richard Dawkins in his book The Ancestor's Tale, chimps and bonobos may be descended from Australopithecus.

In the United Kingdom the term often retains its positive sense as a reference to natural selection, and for example Richard Dawkins wrote in his collection of essays A Devil's Chaplain, published in 2003, that as a scientist he is a Darwinist.

Dennett is referred to as one of the " Four Horsemen of New Atheism ", along with Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and the late Christopher Hitchens.

Dennett's views on evolution are identified as being strongly adaptationist, in line with his theory of the intentional stance, and the evolutionary views of biologist Richard Dawkins.

This stems from Gould's long-running public debate with E. O. Wilson and other evolutionary biologists over human sociobiology and its descendant evolutionary psychology, which Gould and Richard Lewontin opposed, but which Dennett advocated, together with Dawkins and Steven Pinker.

Mayr rejected the idea of a gene-centered view of evolution and starkly but politely criticized Richard Dawkins ' ideas:

* The ESS was a major element used to analyze evolution in Richard Dawkins ' bestselling 1976 book The Selfish Gene.

In The Selfish Gene, evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins writes that " Blood-feuds and inter-clan warfare are easily interpretable in terms of Hamilton's genetic theory.

" In his book The God Delusion, the biologist Richard Dawkins sharply criticized Dyson for accepting the Templeton Prize in 2000.

In The Dawkins Delusion ?, Christian theologian Alister McGrath and his wife, psychologist Joanna Collicutt McGrath, compare Richard Dawkins ' " total dogmatic conviction of correctness " to " a religious fundamentalism which refuses to allow its ideas to be examined or challenged.

* Richard Dawkins ' The God Delusion and Atheist Fundamentalism by Simon Watson, published in Anthropoetics XV, 2 Spring 2010

* Natural ' Knowledge ' and Natural ' Design ' by Richard Dawkins

Richard Dawkins cited Jaynes ' ideas in his book The God Delusion, stating " It is one of those books that is either complete rubbish or a work of consummate genius, nothing in between ...".

Among its more famous critics are the evolutionary biologists Richard Dawkins, Ford Doolittle, and Stephen Jay Gould – notable, given the diversity of this trio's views on other scientific matters.

* Dawkins, Richard.

The word meme is a shortening ( modeled on gene ) of mimeme ( from Ancient Greek μίμημα mīmēma, " something imitated ", from μιμεῖσθαι mimeisthai, " to imitate ", from μῖμος mimos " mime ") and it was coined by the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene ( 1976 ) as a concept for discussion of evolutionary principles in explaining the spread of ideas and cultural phenomena.

The word meme originated with Richard Dawkins ' 1976 book The Selfish Gene.

Richard Dawkins initially defined meme as a noun that " conveys the idea of a unit of cultural transmission, or a unit of imitation ".

Richard Dawkins noted the three conditions that must exist for evolution to occur:

Although social scientists such as Max Weber sought to understand and explain religion in terms of a cultural attribute, Richard Dawkins called for a re-analysis of religion in terms of the evolution of self-replicating ideas apart from any resulting biological advantages they might bestow.

Richard Hofstadter has traced the sentimental attachment to the rural way of life, which he describes as " a kind of homage that Americans have paid to the fancied innocence of their origins.

Richard Aitson ( Kiowa-Apache ) has both an Indian and non-Indian audience for his work and is known for his fully beaded cradleboards.

The sociologist Richard Quinney has written about the relationship between society and crime.

* The Fatal Fury game series has two capoeira fighters, Richard Meyer and Bob Wilson, master and student.

This has been put forward by J. Richard Gott III, James E. Gunn, David N. Schramm, and Beatrice Tinsley, who said that asking what occurred before the Big Bang is like asking what is north of the North Pole.

The term Left Bank was first coined by film critic Richard Roud, who has described them as having " fondness for a kind of Bohemian life and an impatience with the conformity of the Right Bank, a high degree of involvement in literature and the plastic arts, and a consequent interest in experimental filmmaking ", as well as an identification with the political left.

Since the 1990s the term has been used ( interchangeably with " the Copernicus method ") for J. Richard Gott's Bayesian-inference-based prediction of duration of ongoing events, a generalized version of the Doomsday argument.

A common misconception is that Richard Childress Racing " owns the rights " to the No. 3 in NASCAR competition ( fueled by the fact that Kevin Harvick's car has a little No. 3 as an homage to Earnhardt and the usage of the No. 3 on the Camping World Series truck of Ty Dillon ), but in fact no team owns the rights to this or any other number: However, according to established NASCAR procedures, RCR would have priority over other teams if and when the time came to reuse the number.

Quixote has served as an important thematic source not only in literature but in much of art and music, inspiring works by Pablo Picasso and Richard Strauss.

In literature and journalism, Dartmouth has produced nine Pulitzer Prize winners: Thomas M. Burton, Richard Eberhart, Robert Frost, Paul Gigot, Jake Hooker, Nigel Jaquiss, Martin J. Sherwin, David K. Shipler, and Joseph Rago.

Because it demonstrates the fundamental limitation of the observer to predict experimental results, Richard Feynman called it " a phenomenon which is impossible ... to explain in any classical way, and which has in it the heart of quantum mechanics.

( One original member of Gypsy Fever, backing vocalist Richard Dennison, has remained with Parton's organization through the early 2010s, serving as a supporting vocalist, as well as the vocal arranger for Parton's band.

More than half of the footage filmed for Superman II by the originally credited director ( Richard Lester ) has been removed from the film and replaced with Donner footage shot during the original principal photography from 1977 – 1978.

Derrida warns against considering deconstruction as a mechanical operation when he states that “ It is true that in certain circles ( university or cultural, especially in the United States ) the technical and methodological “ metaphor ” that seems necessarily attached to the very word “ deconstruction ” has been able to seduce or lead astray .” Commentator Richard Beardsworth explains that

Derrida's thinking has inspired Slavoj Zizek, Richard Rorty, Ernesto Laclau, Judith Butler and many more contemporary theorists developed a deconstructive approach to politics.

In one response to Gettier, the American philosopher Richard Kirkham has argued that the only definition of knowledge that could ever be immune to all counterexamples is the infallibilist one.

The Design Academy Eindhoven has produced major Dutch designers, such as Maarten Baas, Marcel Wanders, Richard Hutten, Jurgen Bey, and Hella Jongerius.

" Richard Corliss of TIME gave the film a mixed review, praising Ehrenreich's performance, but claiming Coppola " has made a movie in which plenty happens but nothing rings true.

Richard Klemensen ’ s Little Shoppe of Horrors has a particular focus on " Hammer Horrors " and has continued publishing issues on an irregular schedule since 1972.

Varadkar in particular has been a strong proponent of small, indigenous business, advocating that smaller firms should benefit from the government's recapitalisation program Its former finance spokesman Richard Bruton's proposals have been seen as approaching problems from a pro-enterprise point of view.

J. Philippe Rushton has argued that the effect should be called the " Lynn-Flynn effect ", after Richard Lynn, " because it was actually the Lynn ( 1982 ) article in Nature that first identified the trend in recent times ( amongst the Japanese ).

In recent years English director writer, Richard Mazda, has re-introduced New York audiences to the Grand Guignol.

He has a brother, Richard.