French archaeology expedition under the supervision of Professor Roman Ghirshman made some important discoveries.

According to Roman Ghirshman, the first evidence of humans using a form of mortar was at the ziggurat of Sialk in Iran, built of sun-dried bricks in 2900 BC.

In the 1930s Roman Ghirshman, while conducting excavations near Bagram, found Egyptian and Syrian glassware, bronze statuettes, bowls and other objects including statues.

1951 and 1961 by Roman Ghirshman.

* Roman Ghirshman, La ziggourat de Tchoga-Zanbil ( Susiane ), Comptes-rendus des séances de l ' Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, vol.

* Roman Ghirshman, Campagne de fouilles à Tchoga-Zanbil, près de Suse, Comptes-rendus des séances de l ' Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, vol.

* Roman Ghirshman, Cinquième campagne de fouilles à Tchoga-Zanbil, près Suse, rapport préliminaire ( 1955-1956 ), Comptes-rendus des séances de l ' Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, vol.

* Roman Ghirshman, Les fouilles de Tchoga-Zanbil, près de Suse ( 1956 ), Comptes-rendus des séances de l ' Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, vol.

* Roman Ghirshman, VIe campagne de fouilles à Tchoga-Zanbil près de Suse ( 1956-1957 ), rapport préliminaire, Comptes-rendus des séances de l ' Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, vol.

* Roman Ghirshman, FouiIles de Tchoga-Zanbil près de Suse, complexe de quatre temples, Comptes-rendus des séances de l ' Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, vol.

* Roman Ghirshman, VIIe campagne de fouilles à Tchoga-Zanbil, près de Suse ( 1958-1959 ), rapport préliminaire, Comptes-rendus des séances de l ' Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, vol.

* Roman Ghirshman

* Excavations at Tepe Sialk by Roman Ghirshman begin ( continue in 1934 and 1937 ).

Although in Persian karkas means vulture, it is possible that the name of this mountain chain is derived from the settlement activity of ancient Kassites in the area, since in the ancient Assyrian language Kar-Kassi means " town or land of the Kassites " ( modified interpretation after Roman Ghirshman, 1954 ).

* Upon his adoption by Caesar, he took Caesar's name and become Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus in accordance with Roman adoption naming standards.

According to Edward Gibbon in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, during the shifting of offices that took place at the beginning of the new reigns, Alaric apparently hoped he would be promoted from a mere commander to the rank of general in one of the regular armies.

The contemporary ecclesiastics recorded with wonder many instances of the Visigoths ' clemency: Christian churches saved from ravage ; protection granted to vast multitudes both of pagans and Christians who took refuge therein ; vessels of gold and silver which were found in a private dwelling, spared because they " belonged to St. Peter "; at least one case in which a beautiful Roman matron appealed, not in vain, to the better feelings of the Gothic soldier who attempted her dishonor.

They did not dawdle at the hour of decision but attacked quickly, using a massive series of short, rapid, vicious charges against the length of the whole Roman line, with charging units sometimes withdrawing to the forest to regroup while others took their place.

In Canada, where the Act of Settlement is now a part of Canadian constitutional law, Tony O ' Donohue, a Canadian civic politician, took issue with the provisions that exclude Roman Catholics from the throne, and which make the monarch of Canada the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, requiring him or her to be an Anglican.

In Europe a similar liquid process in open-topped crucibles took place which was probably less efficient than the Roman process and the use of the term tutty by Albertus Magnus in the 13th century suggests influence from Islamic technology.

As Roman authority began to fail in the western portion of the empire, the church took over much of the civil administration.

In the late 2nd century, the Historia Augusta mentions that in the rule of Marcus Aurelius ( 161-80 ), an alliance of lower Danube tribes including the Bastarnae, the Sarmatian Roxolani and the Costoboci took advantage of the emperor's difficulties on the upper Danube ( the Marcomannic Wars ) to invade Roman territory.

Suetonius took a stand at an unidentified location, probably in the West Midlands somewhere along the Roman road now known as Watling Street, in a defile with a wood behind him — but his men were heavily outnumbered.

Tacitus, the most important Roman historian of this period, took a particular interest in Britain as Gnaeus Julius Agricola, his father-in-law and the subject of his first book, served there three times.

The battle took place on 2 September 31 BC, on the Ionian Sea near the city of Actium, at the Roman province of Epirus vetus in Greece.

It took on the name of Konstantinoupolis (" city of Constantine ", Constantinople ) after its re-foundation under Roman emperor Constantine I, who designated it as his new Roman capital, the New Rome.

It is possible that when Ceawlin and Cuthwine took Bath, they found the Roman baths still operating to some extent.

The Roman adoption of the Greek orders took place in the 1st century BC.

Galerius continued moving down the Tigris, and took the Persian capital Ctesiphon before returning to Roman territory along the Euphrates.

Constantine's rule, however, validated Diocletian's achievements and the autocratic principle he represented: the borders remained secure, in spite of Constantine's large expenditure of forces during his civil wars ; the bureaucratic transformation of Roman government was completed ; and Constantine took Diocletian's court ceremonies and made them even more extravagant.

The importance and meaning of coronation ceremonies and regalia also varied within the tradition: for instance Holy Roman Emperors could only be crowned emperor by the pope, which meant the coronation ceremony usually took place in Rome, often several years after these emperors had ascended to the throne ( as " king ") in their home country.

After the decline of the Roman Empire, a Germanic tribe known as the Franks took control of Gaul by defeating competing tribes.

They took their name from a prophecy in the Book of Daniel that four ancient monarchies ( Babylonian, Persian, Macedonian, and Roman ) would precede Christ's return.

Bacon took his third parliamentary seat for Middlesex when in February 1593 Elizabeth summoned Parliament to investigate a Roman Catholic plot against her.

He served twice as Roman Consul and Roman Censor, and in 218 BC he took part in the embassy to Carthage.

In 262 BC, Rome besieged Agrigentum, an operation that involved both consular armies — a total of four Roman legions — and took several months to resolve.

His father died when he was but two years of age ; and when, on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, the authorities took steps to have him educated in the Roman Catholic faith, his mother contrived his escape.

Under Parthian and Sassanian Iranian empires, scholars concentrated on exchanging knowledge and inventions by the countries around them – India, China, and the Roman Empire, when it is thought to be expanded over the other countries.

The Dying Gaul c. 230 BC, a Roman copy of a Greek statue commemorating the victory over the Celtic Galatia ns in Anatolia.

With a membership currently estimated at over 85 million members worldwide, the Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion in the world, after the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Churches.

The Church of Scotland separated from the Roman Catholic Church with the Scottish Reformation in 1560, and the split from it of the Scottish Episcopal Church began in 1582, in the reign of James VI of Scotland, over disagreements about the role of bishops.

* 286 – Emperor Diocletian elevates his general Maximian to co-emperor with the rank of Augustus and gives him control over the Western regions of the Roman Empire.

Although he was not an innovator, he would not follow the absolute letter of the law ; rather he was driven by concerns over humanity and equality, and introduced into Roman law many important new principles based upon this notion.

When the Gothic campaign ended in Roman victory at the Battle of Naissus in September, Gallienus ' successor Claudius II Gothicus turned north to deal with the Alemanni, who were swarming over all Italy north of the Po River.

Over the next 500 years, most kings of Germany destined to reign over the Holy Roman Empire were crowned in Aachen.

In 49, Agrippina presided over the exercises of Roman legions.

From time to time there has been debate over repealing the clause that prevents " Papists " ( Roman Catholics ) or those who marry one from ascending to the British throne.

Also, supporters of this view would characterize Luke ’ s portrayal of the Roman Empire as positive because they believe Luke “ glosses over negative aspects of the empire and presents imperial power positively .” For example, when Paul is before the council defending himself, Paul says that he is “ on trial concerning the hope of the resurrection of the dead ” ( Acts 23: 6 ).

In 116 AD, under Trajan, it was taken over by Rome as the Roman Province of Assyria.

By the early 5th century Britain had been Roman for over three hundred and fifty years.

While their powers grew over time, it is not always easy to distinguish the difference between their powers, and those of the Roman Censors.

Arnulf then proceeded to the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, where he received the homage of the Roman people, who swore “ never to hand over the city to Lambert or his mother Ageltrude ”.

The main Hadrianic cardo terminated not far beyond its junction with the decumanus, where it reached the Roman garrison's encampment, but in the Byzantine era it was extended over the former camp to reach the southern walls of the city.

In it was a single Roman grave covered over with roof tiles bearing short indecipherable inscriptions.

With the ecclesiastical parishes of St Fagan's ( Trecynon ) and Aberaman carved out of the ancient parish, Aberdare had 12 Anglican churches and one Roman Catholic church, built in 1866 in Monk Street near the site of a cell attached to Penrhys monastery, and at one time had over 50 Nonconformist chapels.

His episcopate lasted 45 years ( c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373 ), of which over 17 were spent in five exiles ordered by four different Roman emperors.

St Athanasius ' long episcopate lasted 45 years ( c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373 ) of which over 17 years were spent in five exiles ordered by four different Roman Emperors, not counting approximately six more incidents in which he had to flee Alexandria for his own safety to escape people seeking to take his life.

However it is now thought this was probably a deliberate change in composition and overall the use of brass increases over this period making up around 40 % of all copper alloys used in the Roman world by the 4th century AD.

It was a state of the Holy Roman Empire for some time, probably starting at 1161 / 1165, but never managed to gain control over a significant territory, being overshadowed by the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which was originally seated in the same city.

* The Duchy of Brabant, a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire between 1183 – 1648 covering parts of the Netherlands and Belgium, ruled over by the Dukes of Brabant

The crisis caused the Emperor Nero to consider withdrawing all Roman forces from Britain, but Suetonius ' eventual victory over Boudica re-secured Roman control of the province.