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Romans and defeated
In 148 BC, in what the Romans called the Fourth Macedonian War, he was defeated by the Roman praetor Q. Caecilius Metellus ( 148 ) at the Second Battle of Pydna, and fled to Thrace, whose prince gave him up to Rome, thus marking the final end to Andriskos ' reign of Macedonia.
The Romans were defeated and their commander, the consul Lucius Cassius Longinus was killed in the action.
The Romans were soundly defeated, and Roman emperors Decius and his son Herennius Etruscus were both killed during battle.
The Romans were heavily defeated in the ensuing battle.
On the request of the Roman consul Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, sent to defend the Taurisci, they retreated, only to find themselves deceived and attacked at the Battle of Noreia, where they defeated the Romans.
In 82 Agricola crossed an unidentified body of water and defeated peoples unknown to the Romans until then.
In 87, the Romans invaded Dacia once more, this time under the command of Tettius Julianus, and finally defeated Decebalus in late 88 at the same site where Fuscus had previously perished.
Although the Romans defeated the Carthaginian fleet and were successful in rescuing its army in Africa, a storm destroyed nearly the entire Roman fleet on the trip home ; the number of casualties in the disaster may have exceeded 90, 000 men.
The Roman fleet was defeated by the Carthaginians at Drepana, forcing the Romans to continue their attacks from land.
The Romans defeated the Catuvellauni and their allies in two battles: the first, assuming a Richborough landing, on the river Medway, the second on the Thames.
In 84 the Caledonian tribes, led by Calgacus ( known as " the swordsman "), were defeated at the Battle of Mons Graupius by the Romans ' superior tactics and use of professional troops.
The Gaulish tribal confederacies were then defeated by the Romans in battles such as Sentinum and Telamon during the 3rd century BC.
The conflict climaxed in 451 at the Battle of Châlons, in which the Romans and Goths defeated Attila.
Divico responded by saying that “ they were accustomed to receive, not to give hostages ; a fact the Roman people could testify to “, this once again being an allusion to the giving of hostages by the defeated Romans at Agen.
Later on, in 229 BC, Queen Teuta of the Ardiaei clashed with the Romans and initiated the Illyrian Wars, which resulted in defeat and in the end of Illyrian independence by 168 BC, when King Gentius was defeated by a Roman army.
* 217 BC – The Romans, led by Gaius Flaminius, are ambushed and defeated by Hannibal at the Battle of Lake Trasimene.
Plutarch writes that many Romans found the triumph held following Caesar's victory to be in poor taste, as those defeated in the civil war had not been foreigners, but instead fellow Romans.
Before the gates of the city the Romans defeated the Persians ( Battle of Ctesiphon ), driving them back into the city.
The first area colonized by the Lusitani was probably the Douro valley and the region of Beira Alta ( present day Portugal ); in Beira, they stayed until they defeated the Celtici and other tribes, then they expanded to cover a territory that reached Estremadura before the arrival of the Romans.
Romans scored other victories with proconsul Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus and Gaius Marius ( elected in 113 BC ), but still the Lusitani resisted with a long guerilla war ; they later joined Sertorius ' ( a renegade Roman General ) troops ( around 80 BC ) and were finally defeated by Augustus ( around 28-24 BC ).
The first notable militia in French history was the resistance of the Gauls to invasion by the Romans until they were defeated by Julius Caesar.
There were three military theaters in this war: Italy, where Hannibal defeated the Roman legions repeatedly ; Hispania, where Hasdrubal, a younger brother of Hannibal, defended the Carthaginian colonial cities with mixed success until eventually retreating into Italy ; and Sicily, where the Romans held military supremacy.
But the Romans broke through the thinned out line in the centre and defeated both wings separately, inflicting severe losses ; not without, however, taking heavy losses themselves.

Romans and barbarians
: The barbarians thought that Romans would not be able to cross it without a bridge, and consequently bivouacked in rather careless fashion on the opposite bank ; but he sent across a detachment of Germanic tribesmen, who were accustomed to swim easily in full armour across the most turbulent streams.
* Law of Valentinian I and Valens bans marriages between Romans and barbarians under penalty of death.
The ancient Greeks and Romans seemed to have considered butter a food fit more for the northern barbarians.
These Saracens located in the northern Hejaz appear as people with a certain military ability who are opponents of the Roman Empire and who were characterized by the Romans as barbarians.
In the late 3rd century, to defend against attack from barbarians, the Romans built around the city an earth bank and a wall with seven gates, which enclosed an area of.
His series often challenge popular views of history: for example, Terry Jones ' Medieval Lives ( 2004 ) ( for which he received a 2004 Emmy nomination for " Outstanding Writing for Nonfiction Programming ") argues that the Middle Ages was a more sophisticated period than is popularly thought, and Terry Jones ' Barbarians ( 2006 ) presents the cultural achievements of peoples conquered by the Roman Empire in a more positive light than Roman historians typically have, while criticizing the Romans as the true " barbarians " who exploited and destroyed higher civilizations.
Although the classical Scythians may have largely disappeared by the 1st century BC, Eastern Romans continued to speak conventionally of " Scythians " to designate Germanic tribes and confederations or mounted Eurasian nomadic barbarians in general: in 448 AD two mounted " Scythians " led the emissary Priscus to Attila's encampment in Pannonia.
The defeat at Adrianople changed the character of the Empire in that it signified that the barbarians, fighting for or against the Romans, had become powerful adversaries.
Like most borderland tribes, they were looked upon as barbarians by the Romans even though they had been Roman subjects for more than five centuries.
The Romans indiscriminately regarded the various Germanic tribes, the settled Gauls, and the raiding Huns as barbarians.
Aëtius turned then to the powerful local magnate Avitus for help, who was not only able to convince Theodoric to join with the Romans, but also a number of other wavering " barbarians " resident in Gaul.
In the 5th century, control of Valentia passed from the Romans to the Alans and other barbarians: in 413, the Goths under Ataulf besieged and captured the usurper Jovinus at Valentia on behalf of the emperor Honorius.
Now was such as, to put it briefly, had never before been seen in the land of the Romans is, Greeks, be he either of the barbarians or of the Greeks ( for he was a marvel for the eyes to behold, and his reputation was terrifying ).
Thracians were seen as " barbarians " by other peoples, namely the ancient Greeks and Romans.
Their dress identified them as Romans, according to Paul, and none of the local barbarians dared to touch them.
The Romans simply believed that the Brigantes were ' barbarians ', but peace was eventually established and the troops were moved to the north.
Of course, this could also be considered a stereotype of the Romans used for identifying barbarians.
The Romans were able to raise and maintain huge armies on the field, while the " barbarians " were unable to match them.
The Romans were not precise in their ethnography of northern barbarians: by " Germanic " Caesar may simply have meant " originating east of the Rhine " ( the homeland of the Germani cisrhenani ) with no distinction of language intended.
There were two factions in Roma Victor, the Romans and the barbarians.
A religious polemic of about this time complains bitterly of the oppression and extortion suffered by all but the richest Romans, many of whom wished to flee to the Bagaudae or even to foul-smelling barbarians.
Although these men differ in customs and language from those with whom they have taken refuge, and are unaccustomed too, if I may say so, to the nauseous odor of the bodies and clothing of the barbarians, yet they prefer the strange life they find there to the injustice rife among the Romans.
The Romans were without adequate forces ; the barbarians inflicted haphazard extortion, murder, kidnap, and plunder on the Romans and on each other.

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