What they and many others of that generation in the Nordic countries had in common was that they started off from a classical education and were first designing in the so-called Nordic Classicism style – a style that had been a reaction to the previous dominant style of National Romanticism – before moving, in the late 1920s, towards Modernism.

He was a member of the Second Viennese School with Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern, and produced compositions that combined Mahlerian Romanticism with a personal adaptation of Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique.

One of the forces that worked as an impetus for his pressing forward was the first stirring of what would later be called Romanticism — the Sturm und Drang, or " storm and stress " phase in the arts, a short period where obvious emotionalism was a stylistic preference.

Musically, he was part of European Romanticism, and was one of the most influential composers of the 19th century.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (; 28 June 17122 July 1778 ) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-century Romanticism of French expression.

Adams was born a generation after Steve Reich and Philip Glass, and his writing is more developmental and directionalized, containing climaxes and other elements of Romanticism.

Mácha's genius was discovered and glorified much later by the poets and novelists of the 1850s ( e. g., Jan Neruda, Vítězslav Hálek, and Karolina Světlá ) and " Máj " is now regarded as the classic work of Czech Romanticism and is considered one of the best Czech poems ever written.

The first half of the 19th century for Europe was marked by a number of wars and revolutions, which contributed to a turning from the realities of the political and social fragmentation that were taking place, and a further trend towards Romanticism.

Out of this collision of ideals derived from Romanticism, and an attempt to find a way for knowledge to explain that which was as yet unknown, came the first wave of works, which, while their authors considered them extensions of existing trends in art, broke the implicit contract with the general public that artists were the interpreters and representatives of bourgeois culture and ideas.

The later part of the 18th century was the age of Romanticism and the Gothic novel.

Rand held that Romanticism was the highest school of literary art, noting that Romanticism was " based on the recognition of the principle that man possesses the faculty of volition ," absent which, Rand believed, literature is robbed of dramatic power, adding:

However, until the rise of Romanticism and the general acceptance of freedom of religion in Western civilization, " paganism " was almost always used disparagingly of heterodox beliefs falling outside the established political framework of the Christian Church.

It was related to and in Germany dominated Romanticism, the artistic and literary movement that arose in the second half of the 18th century in Europe.

Romanticism does not necessarily refer to romantic love, though that theme was prevalent in many works composed during this time period, both in literature, painting, or music.

From its earliest stirrings, with their focus on the development of national languages and folklore, and the spiritual value of local customs and traditions, to the movements that would redraw the map of Europe and lead to calls for " self-determination " of nationalities, nationalism was one of the key issues in Romanticism, determining its roles, expressions and meanings.

Much of the modern perception of Queen Tamar was shaped under the influence of 19th-century Romanticism and growing nationalism among Georgian intellectuals of that time.

A revolutionary energy was also at the core of Romanticism, which quite consciously set out to transform not only the theory and practice of poetry ( and all art ), but the very way we perceive the world.

Byron's poetry was highly influential in introducing Europe to the heady cocktail of Romanticism in exotic Oriental settings which was to dominate 19th century Oriental art.

Nonetheless, the term is used today to describe the music seen as a reaction to 19th century Romanticism.

By mid-century, however, a synthesis of the ideas of Romanticism with more stable political ideas had emerged, partly in reaction to the failed Romantic and democratic Revolutions of 1848.

New Romanticism can be seen as a reaction to punk, and a revival of the glam rock of the early 1970s, particularly that of David Bowie and Roxy Music.

These ideas, created in the spirit of Romanticism, were also a reaction to the archeological research at the time, which arguably neglected some areas of Sweden that were nevertheless rich in archeological remains.

This German reaction to the imperialistic universalism of the French Enlightenment and Revolution, which had been forced on them first by the Francophile Frederick II of Prussia, then by the armies of Revolutionary France, and finally by Napoleon, was crucial to the epochal shift of consciousness that occurred in Europe at this time, leading eventually to Romanticism.

In part a revolt against aristocratic, social, and political norms of the Enlightenment period and a reaction against the rationalization of nature, in art and literature Romanticism stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror, and the awe experienced in confronting the sublimity of nature.

It was a reaction against late 19th and early 20th-century Romanticism as embodied in the works of composers such as Richard Wagner and Gustav Mahler who had stretched both musical language and musical form to produce massive works where the limits of tonality were broken.

As such, neoclassicism was a reaction against the unrestrained emotionalism and perceived formlessness of late Romanticism, as well as a " call to order " after the experimental ferment of the first two decades of the twentieth century.

A dominant trend in music composed from 1923 to 1950 was neoclassicism, a reaction against the exaggerated gestures and formlessness of late Romanticism which revived the balanced forms and clearly perceptible thematic processes of earlier styles.

Romanticism, a philosophical, literary, artistic and cultural era which began in the mid / late-18th century as a reaction against the prevailing Enlightenment ideals of the day ( Romantics favoured more natural, emotional and personal artistic themes ), also influenced poetry.

Partly, social realism developed as a reaction against Romanticism, which promoted lofty concepts such as the " ineffable " beauty and truth of art and music, and even turned them into spiritual ideals.

The Realism movement of the 19th century advocated naturalism in reaction to the stylized and idealized depictions of subjects in Romanticism, but many painters have adopted a similar approach over the centuries.

In reaction to Enlightenment's cult of Reason, Romanticism highly prized the supernatural, tradition and imagination, together with the age in which they were supposed to rule-Middle Ages.

This century of enormous economic, social, intellectual and political transformation produced two important literary and philosophical movements: The Lumières, who questioned all existing institutions, including the church and state, and applied rationalism and scientific analysis to society ; and a very different movement, which emerged in reaction to the first movement ; the beginnings of Romanticism, which exalted the role of emotion in art and life.

The first part of the century was dominated by Romanticism, until around the mid-century Realism emerged, at least partly as a reaction.

Romanticism had been, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, a revolt against the effects of the Industrial Revolution and bourgeois values, while emphasizing individual, subjective experience, the sublime, and the supremacy of " Nature ", as subjects for art, and revolutionary, or radical extensions of expression, and individual liberty.

The late 18th century was a period of political, economic, intellectual, and cultural reforms, the Enlightenment ( represented by figures such as Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Adam Smith ), but also involving early Romanticism, and climaxing with the French Revolution, where freedom of the individual and nation was asserted against privilege and custom.

In 1816 he was invited to Jena to fill the chair of theoretical philosophy ( including mathematics, physics, and philosophy proper ), and entered upon a crusade against the prevailing Romanticism.

This concept of decadence dates from the eighteenth century, especially from Montesquieu, and was taken up by critics as a term of abuse after Désiré Nisard used it against Victor Hugo and Romanticism in general.

Beginning in 1824, he contributed literary articles, the Premier lundis of his collected Works, to the Globe newspaper, and, in 1827, he came, through a review of Victor Hugo's Odes et ballads, into close association with Hugo and the Cénacle, the literary circle that strove to define the ideas of the rising Romanticism and struggle against classical formalism.

Harold Bloom noted that " Pater praises Plato for Classic correctness, for a conservative centripetal impulse, against his own Heraclitean Romanticism ," but " we do not believe him when he presents himself as a centripetal man ".

Following World War I, as a backlash against what they saw as the increasingly exaggerated gestures and formlessness of late Romanticism, certain composers adopted a neoclassic style, which sought to recapture the balanced forms and clearly perceptible thematic processes of earlier styles ; see also New Objectivity and Social Realism ).

The ideology produced poets, thinkers and journalists, all of whom reacted against the introspection and particularism of Romanticism in the national literature, which had resulted in a total separation of literature from the actualities of life.

On 25 August 1830, at the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie in Brussels, an uprising followed a special performance ( in honor of William I's birthday ) of Daniel Auber's La Muette de Portici ( The Mute Girl of Portici ), a sentimental and patriotic opera suited to fire National Romanticism, for it was set against Masaniello's uprising against the Spanish masters of Naples in the 17th century.

In English literature, the architectural Gothic Revival and classical Romanticism gave rise to the Gothic novel, often dealing with dark themes in human nature against medieval backdrops and with elements of the supernatural.