Roundhead Reputations: the English Civil Wars and the passions of posterity Penguin, ISBN 0-14-100694-3

Maps of territory held by Cavalier | Royalists ( red ) and Roundhead | Parliamentarians ( green ) during the English Civil War ( 1642 – 1645 )

" The term " anarchist " first entered the English language in 1642, during the English Civil War, as a term of abuse, used by Royalists against their Roundhead opponents.

" Roundhead " was the name given to the supporters of the Parliament during the English Civil War.

They include those dedicated to Beau Nash, Admiral Arthur Phillip ( first Governor of the colony of New South Wales, which became part of Australia after federation in 1901 ), James Montague ( Bishop of Bath and Wells ), Lady Waller ( wife of William Waller, a Roundhead military leader in the English Civil War ), Elizabeth Grieve ( wife of James Grieve, physician to Elizabeth, Empress of Russia ), Sir William Baker, John Sibthorp, Richard Hussey Bickerton, William Hoare, Richard Bickerton and US Senator William Bingham.

* John Hampden ( circa 1595 – 1643 ), English politician and Roundhead in the English Civil War

The English Civil War Society was founded in 1980 and is the umbrella organisation for the King's Army and the Roundhead Association.

Each of these regiments falls under one or other of the two armies of the English Civil War Society, the Roundhead Association and the King's Army.

* Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, a Roundhead during the English Civil War

During the English Civil War he became a Roundhead and a Leveller.

During the English Civil War, Melton was a Roundhead garrison commanded by a Colonel Rossiter.

It is etched with graffiti, possibly by Roundhead troops whilst garrisoned here during the English Civil War.

" The area had possibly already been used as an area of mass burial after a skirmish earlier in the year between Roundhead and Royalist forces as part of the English Civil War.

However, as late as the 1640s, Prince Rupert — a Royalist general and cavalry commander during the English Civil War — is pictured carrying a battle axe, and this was not merely a decorative symbol of authority: the " short pole-axe " was adopted by Royalist cavalry officers to penetrate Roundhead troopers ' helmets and cuirasses in close-quarters fighting, and it was also used by their opponents: Sir Bevil Grenville was slain by a Parliamentarian pole-axe at the Battle of Lansdowne, and Sir Richard Bulstrode was wounded by one at the Battle of Edgehill.

His colonial ancestor, Col. Thomas Titus, was a Roundhead in the New Model Army, who left Hawkhurst in Kent for Boston upon the English Restoration.

When English Civil War broke out in England in 1642, Moore pledged his allegiance to the Roundhead Parliamentarians as did most of Liverpool's burgesses, who were largely of Puritan stock.

During the English Civil War on 9 January 1646, Oliver Cromwell and a contingent of his Roundhead army entered Bovey Tracey after dark and caught part of Lord Wentworth's Regiment by surprise, catching a number of officers playing cards in an inn.

Kennelly is no stranger to literary controversy, particularly in works such as “ Cromwell ”, about the English Roundhead and Puritan whose army sacked the small Irish town of Drogheda and slaughtered its Royalist garrison and townspeople in 1649.

The Hall was also used as a Roundhead garrison during the English Civil War.

It was the inscription on the coronet of Roundhead and Leveller William Rainsborough during the English Civil War.

However, at the end of the Civil War in 1649, public antipathy towards the king was high enough to allow republican Roundhead leaders such as Oliver Cromwell to abolish the monarchy completely and establish the republican Commonwealth.

The Roundhead commander-in-chief of the first Civil War, Lord Fairfax, remained a supporter of constitutional monarchy, as did many other Roundhead leaders such as Edward Montagu.

Less is known about the school during the period of Civil War, per contra King's pupils were known as " Roundhead Scholars ".

He had switched allegiances from Royalist to Roundhead during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, and later, despite his notorious reputation, found favour at the court of King Charles II.

Roundhead remained in use to describe those with republican tendencies up until the Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678 – 1681 ; the term was then superseded by Whig, initially another term with pejorative connotations.

Frontispiece of a Roundhead | Parliamentarian pamphlet showing Prince Rupert of the Rhine | Prince Rupert at the Battle of BirminghamBy the early 17th century Birmingham's booming economy, dominated by the self-made merchants and manufacturers of the new metal trades rather than traditional landed interests ; its expanding population and high degree of social mobility ; and the almost complete absence from the area of a resident aristocracy ; had seen it develop a new form of social structure very different from that of more traditional towns and rural areas: relationships were based more around pragmatic commercial linkages than the rigid paternalism and deference of feudal society, and the town was widely seen as one where loyalty to the traditional hierarchies of the established church and aristocracy was weak.

The hall is reputedly haunted by a Green Lady ; believed to be the daughter of a former owner who drowned herself in the hall's lake when her Roundhead lover was killed.

Here, the king, disguised as the man-servant of the daughter of one of his supporters, Jane Lane, met with a party of Roundhead troopers, before we came to Stradford upon Avon we espied upon the way a Troop of Horse whose riders were alighted, and the Horses eateing some grass by the wayside, staying there ( as I thought ) while their Muster-Maister was provideing their Quarters ; Mrs Lanes Sisters Husband ( who went along as far as Stradford ) seeing this Troop of Horse just in our way, sayd that for his part he would not goe by them, for he had once or twice been beaten by some of the Parliament Soldiers, and he would not run the venture again.

Nick Seymour, Barcelona, October 2007. Crowded House began recording their follow-up to Time on Earth in April 2009, at Finn's own Roundhead Studios.

The album, titled Death Rattle Boogie, was recorded at Gutterview Recorders in Stockholm, with additional work at Roundhead Studios in New Zealand.

The goal of the Roundhead party was to give the Parliament supreme control over executive administration.

England's many Puritans and Presbyterians were almost invariably Roundhead supporters, as were many smaller religious groups such as the Independents.

Roundhead political factions included Diggers, Levellers and Fifth Monarchists.

During the war and for a time afterwards Roundhead was a term of derision — in the New Model Army it was a punishable offence to call a fellow soldier a Roundhead.

Cavalier also started out as a pejorative term — the first proponents used it to compare members of the Royalist party with Spanish Caballeros who had abused Dutch Protestants during the reign of Elizabeth I — but unlike Roundhead, Cavalier was embraced by those who were the target of the epithet and used by them to describe themselves.

The demonstrators included London apprentices and Roundhead was a term of derision for them because the regulations to which they had agreed included a provision for closely cropped hair.

By the end of this period some Independent Puritans were again derisively using the term Roundhead to refer to the Presbyterian Puritans.

He calculated that Cromwell's campaign north of the River Forth would allow the main Scottish Royalist army which was south of the Forth to steal the march on the Roundhead New Model Army in a race to London.

The small group of Puritan horsemen who had pursued them had, upon reaching Hertford, met with Colonel Scroope and his Roundhead troops from their detachment at Colchester.

It was recorded in Finn's own Roundhead Studios and will feature all-new material, with singing and songwriting contributions divided amongst the group.

In 1643 some Roundhead troops stayed in the village, stabling their horses in the church.

As the first prominent Roundhead captured in the war, the Royalists intended to try Lilburne for high treason.