Jean-Jacques Rousseau's father Isaac was not in the city at this time, but Jean-Jacques's grandfather supported Fatio and was penalized for it.

The legend at the bottom says " Jean-Jacques, aime ton pays " (" love your country "), and shows Rousseau's father gesturing towards the window.

His father, Jacques-François Deluc, was the author of some publications in refutation of Mandeville and other rationalistic writers, which are best known through Rousseau's humorous account of his ennui in reading them ; and he gave his son an excellent education, chiefly in mathematics and natural science.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau would argue, however, that his concept of " general will " in the " social contract " is not the simple collection of individual wills and precisely furthers the interests of the individual ( the constraint of law itself would be beneficial for the individual, as the lack of respect for the law necessarily entails, in Rousseau's eyes, a form of ignorance and submission to one's passions instead of the preferred autonomy of reason ).

Rousseau's mother, Suzanne Bernard Rousseau, the daughter of a Calvinist preacher, died of puerperal fever nine days after his birth.

In 2002, the Espace Rousseau was established at 40 Grand-Rue, Geneva, Rousseau's birthplace.

This has led some critics to attribute to Rousseau the invention of the idea of the noble savage, which Arthur Lovejoy ' conclusively showed misrepresents Rousseau's thought.

The kind of republican government of which Rousseau approved was that of the city state, of which Geneva was a model, or would have been, if renewed on Rousseau's principles.

Good or bad, the theories of educators such as Rousseau's near contemporaries Pestalozzi, Mme de Genlis, and later, Maria Montessori, and John Dewey, which have directly influenced modern educational practices do have significant points in common with those of Rousseau.

The cult that grew up around Rousseau after his death, and particularly the radicalized versions of Rousseau's ideas that were adopted by Robespierre and Saint-Just during the Reign of Terror, caused him to become identified with the most extreme aspects of the French Revolution.

Burke's " Letter to a Member of the National Assembly ", published in February 1791, was a diatribe against Rousseau, whom he considered the paramount influence on the French Revolution ( his ad hominem attack did not really engage with Rousseau's political writings ).

Yet despite their mutual insistence on the self-evidence that " all men are created equal ", their insistence that the citizens of a republic be educated at public expense, and the evident parallel between the concepts of the " general welfare " and Rousseau's " general will ", some scholars maintain there is little to suggest that Rousseau had that much effect on Thomas Jefferson and other founding fathers.

* Rousseau Association / Association Rousseau, a bilingual association devoted to the study of Rousseau's life and works

Rousseau then claimed the two had stolen the credit for the words and music he had contributed, though musicologists have been able to identify almost nothing of the piece as Rousseau's work.

As a disciple of Rousseau, Robespierre's political views were rooted in Rousseau's notion of the social contract, which promoted " the rights of man " ( Schama ; 1989 ; 475 ).

Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Rousseau's German disciples were also influences that shaped his view of life.

* Jean-Jacques Rousseau – Le Devin du Village ( part of Rousseau's response in the Querelle des Bouffons )

Some Rousseau scholars, however, such as his Rousseau's biographer and editor Maurice Cranston, and Ralph Leigh, editor of Rousseau's correspondence, do not consider Talmon's 1950s " totalitarian thesis " as sustainable.

Rousseau's other friend and neighbor, Jules Dupré, himself an eminent landscape painter of Barbizon, relates the difficulty Rousseau experienced in knowing when his picture was finished, and how he, Dupré, would sometimes take away from the studio some canvas on which Rousseau was laboring too long.

Rousseau's natural man significantly differs from, and is a response to, that of Hobbes ; Rousseau explicitly points this out at various points throughout his work.

The article on fingering in Rousseau's Dictionnaire ( 1768 ) contains rules which the author presents ' with confidence, because I have them from M Duphli, excellent harpsichord teacher who possesses above all perfection in fingering ' ( though either Duphly or Rousseau overlooked the fact that these ' rules ' were lifted word for word from Rameau's, in his Pieces de clavecin of 1724 ).

Covering the first fifty-three years of Rousseau's life, up to 1765, it was completed in 1769, but not published until 1782, four years after Rousseau's death, even though Rousseau did read excerpts of his manuscript publicly at various salons and other meeting places.

Though the book is somewhat flawed as an autobiography — particularly, Rousseau's dates are frequently off, and some events are out of order — Rousseau provides an account of the experiences that shaped his influential philosophy.

Rousseau's conception of alpine purity was later emphasized with the publication of Albrecht von Haller's poem Die Alpen that described the mountains as an area of mythical purity.

In listening to barcaroles, I found I had not yet known what singing was ... — Confessions Rousseau's employer routinely received his stipend as much as a year late and paid his staff irregularly.

Rousseau's 1750 " Discourse on the Arts and Sciences " was awarded the first prize and gained him significant fame.

Sophie was the cousin and houseguest of Rousseau's patroness and landlady Madame d ' Epinay, whom he treated rather highhandedly.

Rousseau's 800-page novel of sentiment, Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse, was published in 1761 to immense success.

Rousseau's choice of a Catholic vicar of humble peasant background ( plausibly based on a kindly prelate he had met as a teenager ) as a spokesman for the defense of religion was in itself a daring innovation for the time.

Rousseau's letter to Hume, in which he articulates the perceived misconduct, sparked an exchange which was published in Paris and received with great interest at the time.

One of Rousseau's last pieces of writing was a critical yet enthusiastic analysis of Gluck's opera Alceste.

France could not meet Rousseau's criterion of an ideal state because it was too big.

Such was not Rousseau's meaning.

At the time, however, Rousseau's strong endorsement of religious toleration, as expounded by the Savoyard vicar in Émile, was interpreted as advocating indifferentism, a heresy, and led to the condemnation of the book in both Calvinist Geneva and Catholic Paris.

Rousseau's idea of the volonté générale (" general will ") was not original with him but rather belonged to a well-established technical vocabulary of juridical and theological writings in use at the time.

On similar grounds, one of Rousseau's strongest critics during the second half of the 20th century was political philosopher Hannah Arendt.

It was Rousseau's fellow philosophe, Voltaire, objecting to Rousseau's egalitarianism, who charged him with primitivism and accused him of wanting to make people go back and walk on all fours.

An early critic of social contract theory was Rousseau's friend, the philosopher David Hume, who in 1742 published an essay " Of Civil Liberty ", in whose second part, entitled, " Of the Original Contract ", he stressed that the concept of a " social contract " was a convenient fiction:

Crawfurd and Hunt routinely accused those who disagreed with them of believing in " Rousseau's Noble Savage ".

Rousseau's Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloïse ( 1761 ) as leading an expedition around the world which the novel's protagonist, St. Preux, is urged to join by his friend, Mylord Edouard ( himself a friend of Anson's ), so as to separate him from Julie, who is married to Mr de Wolmar.

St-Preux, a neo-romantic hero, will come back ( he who wanted to die ) after " having much suffered, and having seen even more suffering ..." This tale of thwarted love (" Héloïse " refers to the history of Héloïse and Abélard ) was a best-seller at the time, Rousseau's book so scrambled after that it was rented by the hour in the book-shops.

In Britain, many readers who were skeptical of French philosophy in general, welcomed her books because they presented many of Rousseau's methods while at the same time attacking his principles.

Rousseau's second in the match was Ernest Morphy, who took his eight-year-old nephew Paul Morphy along and allowed him to be present for the contests.

Another successful comic opera, Melnik – koldun, obmanshchik i svat (" The Miller who was a Wizard, a Cheat and a Match-maker "', text by Alexander Ablesimov, Moscow, 1779 ), on a subject resembling Rousseau's Devin, is attributed to Mikhail Sokolovsky.

But this is Rousseau's final conclusion ; he begins his discussion with an analysis of a natural man who has not yet acquired language or abstract thought.

At about the same time, Jin is attacked by men from the temple, and then rescued by Claire, who has adapted to an existence on the Island like Rousseau's.

Rousseau's thesis has a basis in the prior writings of Niccolò Machiavelli, whom Rousseau called a " bon citoyen et honnête homme " and who alongside Montesquieu was one of Rousseau's sources for republican philosophy.