* Simek, Rudolf ( 1993 ).

Austrian Germanist Rudolf Simek says that Bifröst either means " the swaying road to heaven " ( also citing bifa ) or, if Bilröst is the original form of the two ( which Simek says is likely ), " the fleetingly glimpsed rainbow " ( possibly connected to bil, perhaps meaning " moment, weak point ").

* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.

" Rudolf Simek theorizes that the figure of Hel is " probably a very late personification of the underworld Hel ," and says that " the first kennings using the goddess Hel are found at the end of the 10th and in the 11th centuries.

" Frauen und Brakteaten-eine Skizze " in Mythological Women ', edited by Rudolf Simek and Wilhelm Heizmann, pp. 33 – 80.

* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.

Rudolf Simek notes that these horse heads gables can " still be seen today " ( from a 2007 edition of a work first published in 1984 ) and says that the horse head gables confirm that Hengist and Horsa were originally considered mythological, horse-shaped beings.

* Simek, Rudolf ( 1993 ) Dictionary of Northern Mythology ( D. S. Brewer ) ISBN 0-85991-513-1

The theory is complicated by the etymology of the name Svafrþorinn ( þorinn meaning " brave " and svafr means " gossip ") ( or possibly connects to sofa " sleep "), which Rudolf Simek says makes little sense when attempting to connect it to Njörðr.

* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.

* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.

* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.

* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.

Historians Rudolf Simek and Bruno Dumézil theorise that the Viking attacks may have been in response to the spread of Christianity among pagan peoples.

Professor Rudolf Simek believes that “ it is not a coincidence if the early Viking activity occurred during the reign of Charlemagne ”.

Professor Rudolf Simek confirms that " it is not a coincidence if the early Viking activity occurred during the reign of Charlemagne ".

Rudolf Simek theorizes that the survival of Líf and Lífþrasir through Ragnarök by hiding in Hoddmímis holt is " a case of reduplication of the anthropogeny, understandable from the cyclic nature of the Eddic escatology.

* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.

Scholar Rudolf Simek comments that the pagan Yule feast " had a pronounced religious character " and comments that " it is uncertain whether the Germanic Yule feast still had a function in the cult of the dead and in the veneration of the ancestors, a function which the mid-winter sacrifice certainly held for the West European Stone and Bronze Ages.

* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.

* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.

In 2010 Rudolf Simek, building on an analysis by Lotte Motz, argued that vanir was originally nothing more than a general term for deities like æsir, and that its employment as a distinct group of deities was Snorri's invention, and the Vanir are therefore " a figment of imagination from the 13th to 20th centuries ".

* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ).

* Simek, Rudolf ( 2010 ).

Scholar Rudolf Simek opines that identification with Inanna, Nannar or Nana is " hardly likely " due to the large distances in time and location between the figures.

It cannot be said that the materials of the play are welded into a compact whole, but the characters are vigorously conceived, and there is a fine dramatic contrast between the brilliant, restless, and unscrupulous Ottokar and the calm, upright, and ultimately triumphant Rudolf.

In 1865, the German physicist Rudolf Clausius, in his Mechanical Theory of Heat, suggested that the principles of thermochemistry, e. g. the heat evolved in combustion reactions, could be applied to the principles of thermodynamics.

His brain was preserved and was studied by Rudolf Wagner who found its mass to be 1, 492 grams and the cerebral area equal to 219, 588 square millimeters ( 340. 362 square inches ).

The idea that cells can be generated de novo, by the " cytoblast " or otherwise, contradicted work by Robert Remak ( 1852 ) and Rudolf Virchow ( 1855 ) who decisively propagated the new paradigm that cells are generated solely by cells (" Omnis cellula e cellula ").

Depending on the version of the legend, the Jews in Prague were to be either expelled or killed under the rule of Rudolf II, the Holy Roman Emperor.

Nothing is known about Frederick's life before this event, but he proved to be Imperial ally throughout Henry's struggles against other Swabian lords, namely Rudolf of Rheinfelden, Frederick's predecessor, and the Zähringen and Welf lords.

The speed calculated for electromagnetic waves, which could be predicted from experiments on charges and currents ,< ref group =" note "> The quantity we would now call, with units of velocity, was directly measured before Maxwell's equations, in an 1855 experiment by Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Rudolf Kohlrausch.

The position of the main cross in the chapel is supposed to be where the bed of Rudolf and his lover Mary Vetsera was situated.

In the early 1920s, three German cryptographers ( Werner Kunze, Rudolf Schauffler and Erich Langlotz ), who were involved in breaking such systems, realized that they could never be broken if a separate randomly chosen additive number was used for every code group.

In his relations with the Holy Roman Empire, where no more danger was to be apprehended since the fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, Martin followed the moderate course taken by Gregory X. Rudolf I of Germany sent Bishop Henry of Basel to Rome to request coronation.

** The Reichstag passes a statement stating that Hitler, s second-in-command Reichsmarshall Hermann Göring should be appointed as Hitler, s succesor as Führer should Hitler die in the middle of the Second World War. Rudolf Hess is to be appointed in Göring, s place should anything befall Göring.

** Rudolf Hess parachutes into Scotland, claiming to be on a peace mission.

On September 23, 1966, Heidegger was interviewed by Rudolf Augstein and Georg Wolff for Der Spiegel magazine, in which he agreed to discuss his political past provided that the interview be published posthumously ( it was published on May 31, 1976 ).

Rudolf Brazda, believed to be the last surviving person who was sent to a Nazi concentration camp because of his homosexuality, died in France in August 2011, aged 98.

Further influence of A. M. Cassandre and Rudolf Koch, whose work greatly inspired the young Zapf, can also be seen in Optima.

Other formalists, such as Rudolf Carnap, Alfred Tarski and Haskell Curry, considered mathematics to be the investigation of formal axiom systems.

In 1299, the French proposed a marriage alliance between Philip IV of France's sister Blanche and Albert I of Germany's son Rudolf, with Alsace to be the dowry ; however, the deal never came off.

When young, he believed his biological father to be Rudolf Forman, a professor.

The name was borrowed from a different Austrian party active at the time ( Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei, German National Socialist Workers ' Party ), although Hitler earlier suggested the party to be renamed the " Social Revolutionary Party "; it was Rudolf Jung who persuaded Hitler to follow the NSDAP naming.

It can also be derived from kinetic theory, as was achieved ( apparently independently ) by August Krönig in 1856 and Rudolf Clausius in 1857.

The film was to be directed by Tony Richardson and star Rudolf Nureyev as Nijinsky, Claude Jade as Romola and Paul Scofield as Diaghilev, but producer Harry Saltzman canceled the project.

Rudolf Simek says that the etymology that Snorri presents in Gylfaginning for the name Gná may not be correct, yet it is unclear what the name may otherwise mean, though Gná has also been etymologically theorized as a " goddess of fullness.

However, in the same work, Rudolf Simek also says that the goddesses Sága, Hlín, Sjöfn, Snotra, Vár, and Vör should be considered vaguely defined figures who " should be seen as female protective goddesses " that are all responsible for " specific areas of the private sphere, and yet clear differences were made between them so that they are in many ways similar to matrons.