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Rudolf Simek theorizes that Snorri used skaldic kennings to produce his Gylfaginning commentary about the goddess, while combining several etymologies with the Old Norse personal name Lofn.
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Rudolf and Simek
* Simek, Rudolf ( 1993 ).
Austrian Germanist Rudolf Simek says that Bifröst either means " the swaying road to heaven " ( also citing bifa ) or, if Bilröst is the original form of the two ( which Simek says is likely ), " the fleetingly glimpsed rainbow " ( possibly connected to bil, perhaps meaning " moment, weak point ").
* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.
" Rudolf Simek theorizes that the figure of Hel is " probably a very late personification of the underworld Hel ," and says that " the first kennings using the goddess Hel are found at the end of the 10th and in the 11th centuries.
" Frauen und Brakteaten-eine Skizze " in Mythological Women ', edited by Rudolf Simek and Wilhelm Heizmann, pp. 33 – 80.
* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.
Rudolf Simek notes that these horse heads gables can " still be seen today " ( from a 2007 edition of a work first published in 1984 ) and says that the horse head gables confirm that Hengist and Horsa were originally considered mythological, horse-shaped beings.
* Simek, Rudolf ( 1993 ) Dictionary of Northern Mythology ( D. S. Brewer ) ISBN 0-85991-513-1
The theory is complicated by the etymology of the name Svafrþorinn ( þorinn meaning " brave " and svafr means " gossip ") ( or possibly connects to sofa " sleep "), which Rudolf Simek says makes little sense when attempting to connect it to Njörðr.
* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.
* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.
* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.
* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.
Historians Rudolf Simek and Bruno Dumézil theorise that the Viking attacks may have been in response to the spread of Christianity among pagan peoples.
Professor Rudolf Simek believes that “ it is not a coincidence if the early Viking activity occurred during the reign of Charlemagne ”.
Professor Rudolf Simek confirms that " it is not a coincidence if the early Viking activity occurred during the reign of Charlemagne ".
Rudolf Simek theorizes that the survival of Líf and Lífþrasir through Ragnarök by hiding in Hoddmímis holt is " a case of reduplication of the anthropogeny, understandable from the cyclic nature of the Eddic escatology.
* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.
Scholar Rudolf Simek comments that the pagan Yule feast " had a pronounced religious character " and comments that " it is uncertain whether the Germanic Yule feast still had a function in the cult of the dead and in the veneration of the ancestors, a function which the mid-winter sacrifice certainly held for the West European Stone and Bronze Ages.
* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.
* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ) translated by Angela Hall.
In 2010 Rudolf Simek, building on an analysis by Lotte Motz, argued that vanir was originally nothing more than a general term for deities like æsir, and that its employment as a distinct group of deities was Snorri's invention, and the Vanir are therefore " a figment of imagination from the 13th to 20th centuries ".
* Simek, Rudolf ( 2007 ).
* Simek, Rudolf ( 2010 ).
Rudolf and theorizes
Scholar Rudolf Simek theorizes that Sif likely originated as a compliment to Thor through his fertility associations, and that the name Sif ( Simek provides the etymology " relation by marriage ") may have originally simply meant " the wife ( of Thor )".
Rudolf Simek theorizes that Snorri invented Naglfari but states that his reason for doing so is unknown.
Rudolf Simek theorizes that one of the two notions of Sessrúmnir ( as a ship or as a hall ) may come from a misunderstanding, as the meaning of the name can be understood in both cases as " space with many or roomy seats.
Rudolf Simek also theorizes that the name may be a kenning for the Moon.
Rudolf Simek theorizes that the survival of Líf and Lífþrasir is " a case of reduplication of the anthropogeny, understandable from the cyclic nature of the Eddic escatology.
Rudolf Simek opines that sin cannot be related to the term sindr, while this would equal a " meaningful interpretation in regard to the colour ", he theorizes that a more likely interpretation is " the pale ( night -) mare ", noting that this would fit the wife of a fire jötunn.
" Simek notes that these issues have resulted in sometimes very different explanations ; Sophus Bugge and Hjalmar Falk saw a reflection of the Greek god Adonis in Óðr, Rudolf Much saw a reflection in the god Attis, and Lee Hollander theorizes a reflection of the folktale of Amor and Psyche in Snorri's Prose Edda account of Óðr and Freyja.
Rudolf Simek says that " it is not completely clear what role the stag played in Germanic religion " and theorizes that " the stag cult probably stood in some sort of connexion to Odin's endowment of the dignity of kings.
Rudolf Simek theorizes that Snorri assigned a horse to Heimdallr in an attempt to systematize the mythology.
Scholar Rudolf Simek theorizes that Auðr is the invention of Snorri, but says that Snorri's reason for doing so is unknown.
Rudolf and Snorri
Rudolf Simek says that the etymology that Snorri presents in Gylfaginning for the name Gná may not be correct, yet it is unclear what the name may otherwise mean, though Gná has also been etymologically theorized as a " goddess of fullness.
Scholar Rudolf Simek comments that the names were young when recorded, and may have been inventions of Snorri.
Rudolf Simek says that Snorri may have derived his etymology of Sjöfn from the Old Norse words sefi (" sense ") or from sefi ( possibly " relation "), but that the scant references to Sjöfn do not allow for much more of an elaborate explanation for the goddess.
Rudolf and used
Rudolf Carnap was also influenced by Husserl, not only concerning Husserl's notion of essential insight that Carnap used in his Der Raum, but also his notion of " formation rules " and " transformation rules " is founded on Husserl's philosophy of logic.
The word functor was borrowed by mathematicians from the philosopher Rudolf Carnap, who used the term in a linguistic context.
Varnado make reference to the theologian Rudolf Otto, whose concept of the " numinous " was originally used to describe religious experience.
Maxwell once again used the experimental results of Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Rudolf Kohlrausch to show that this wave equation represented an electromagnetic wave that propagates at the speed of light, hence supporting the view that light is a form of electromagnetic radiation.
In the early 1920s, three German cryptographers ( Werner Kunze, Rudolf Schauffler and Erich Langlotz ), who were involved in breaking such systems, realized that they could never be broken if a separate randomly chosen additive number was used for every code group.
In 1917, Rudolf Pannwitz used the term to describe a philosophically-oriented culture.
However the Bohemians continued to press for further freedoms and Rudolf used his army to repress them.
A well used state-space filter is the Kalman filter published by Rudolf Kalman in 1960.
* 1935 — Rudolf Schoenheimer used deuterium as a tracer to examine the fat storage system of rats.
Rudolf Höss, commandant of Auschwitz, said that the use of Zyklon-B came about on the initiative of one of his subordinates, Captain Karl Fritzsch, who used the substance to kill some Russian POWs in late August 1941.
During the Second World War the Tower of London was used to hold and execute suspected spies, and was used to briefly detain Rudolf Hess, Adolf Hitler's deputy, in 1941.
For example, the musicologist Rudolf Steglich has suggested that Handel used the device of the " ascending fourth " as a unifying motif ; this device most noticeably occurs in the first two notes of " I know that my Redeemer liveth " and on numerous other occasions.
The principle of injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber at the moment at which combustion is required to start was invented by Rudolf Diesel, but it has been used to good effect in petrol engines for a long time.
Rhythmic gymnastics grew out of the ideas of Jean-Georges Noverre ( 1727 – 1810 ), François Delsarte ( 1811 – 1871 ), and Rudolf Bode ( 1881 – 1970 ), who all believed in movement expression, where one used dance to express oneself and exercise various body parts.
In British English, nursery or playgroup is the usual term for preschool education, and kindergarten is rarely used, except in the context of special approaches to education, such as Steiner-Waldorf education ( the educational philosophy of which was founded by Rudolf Steiner ).
The German-language patriotic song ( French, Italian, Romansh ), composed in 1811 by Johann Rudolf Wyss ( 1743 – 1818 ), was the first national anthem, used until 1961.
To characterize Bismarck's politics toward the Catholic Church, the pathologist and member of the parliament of the German Progress Party ( Progressive Liberals ) Rudolf Virchow used the term Kulturkampf for the first time on January 17, 1873 in the Prussian house of representatives.
During the discussion of these laws, Rudolf Virchow first used the word " Kulturkampf.
Rudolf Hess used to walk here when he was held prisoner at nearby Maindiff Court during the early 1940s.
According to Rudolf Simek, Old Norse dís appears commonly as simply a term for ' woman ,' just as Old High German itis, Old Saxon idis, and Anglo-Saxon ides, and may have also been used to denote a type of goddess.
It is likely that the term “ functions of state ” was used in a loose sense during the 1850s and 60s by those such as Rudolf Clausius, William Rankine, Peter Tait, William Thomson, and it is clear that by the 1870s the term had acquired a use of its own.
Affidavits that Rudolf Höss had made whilst held prisoner in Nuremberg were also used at Pohl & IG Farben trials.
The Stutthof camp has been suggested as one of the possible sources for human remains that Dr. Rudolf Spanner used to make a limited quantity of soap from human fat.
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