Variants of Instant Runoff voting can be designed to reflect the same rules as a two-round voting system.

Runoff voting can be influenced by strategic nomination ; this is where candidates and political factions influence the result of an election by either nominating extra candidates or withdrawing a candidate who would otherwise have stood.

Runoff from rainfall can lead to heating via conduction from the surface which the water is flowing over.

Runoff of manure can also find its way into surface water such as lakes, streams, and ponds.

Runoff into storm sewers can be minimized by including sustainable urban drainage systems ( UK term ) or low impact development practices ( US term ) into municipal plans.

Runoff voting is less vulnerable to vote splitting, yet vote splitting can occur in any round of runoff voting.

Runoff from sewage, urban land use, and fertilizers can also contribute to eutrophication.

In the United States, The lag time in which street sweepers responded can be pinpointed to the Runoff Report of 1998.

Runoff from roads, parking lots, and yards can carry animal wastes to streams through storm sewers.

The Borda count can be combined with an Instant Runoff procedure to create hybrid election methods that are called Nanson method and Baldwin method.

Runoff of excess nutrients into waterways can also occur, which is harmful for the environment.

Runoff from the Goesan side eventually flows into the Han River, which passes through Seoul to meet the Yellow Sea at Incheon.

Runoff voting is also vulnerable to another tactic called " push over ".

Runoff voting is vulnerable to strategic nomination for the same reasons that it is open to the voting tactic of " compromising ".

Runoff voting methods are less vulnerable to vote splitting compared to plurality voting.

Runoff from the western slopes of these mountains provides water to the county's cities and agricultural areas.

Runoff quickly flooded agricultural areas and much of this water made its way into several subdivisions in Edinburgh.

; Runoff: The variety of ways by which water moves across the land.

Runoff from these glaciers and those on the surrounding volcanoes is a source of fresh water for forty surrounding towns, and Colombian scientists and government officials are concerned about the towns ' water supply should the glaciers melt completely.

A growing body of water research during the late 1970s and 1980s indicated that stormwater runoff was a significant cause of water quality impairment in many parts of the U. S. In the early 1980s EPA conducted the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program ( NURP ) to document the extent of the urban stormwater problem.

Runoff containing wild cat faeces and litter from domestic cats flushed down toilets are possible sources of oocysts.

Runoff elections for legislative seats were held on April 21.

Runoff voting is intended to reduce the potential for eliminating " wasted " votes by tactical voting.

Runoff voting is designed for single seat constituencies.

For example, the politics of Australia are largely two-party ( if the Liberal Party and National Party are considered the same party at a national level due to their long-standing alliance ) for the Australian House of Representatives, which is elected by Instant Runoff Voting, ( known within Australia as preferential voting ).

His inability to make headway against the de facto two-party system as an independent in that election would later lead him to become an advocate for Instant Runoff Voting, helping to found FairVote in 1992.

Other versions of Runoff were developed for various computer systems including Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-11 minicomputer systems running RT-11, RSTS / E, RSX on Digital's PDP-10 and for OpenVMS on VAX minicomputers, as well as Sperry Unisys Univac 90 / 60 mainframe using the EDT text editor under the VS / 9 operating system.

Runoff elections for Chamber of Deputies of Haiti were held on April 21.

Instant Runoff Voting would elect the 2nd-worst choice, because the central candidates would be eliminated early.

Runoff voting involves two rounds of voting.

Runoff voting is also sometimes used as a generic term to describe any system involving a number of rounds of voting, with eliminations after each round.

Runoff voting is used to find the winner.

Runoff voting encourages candidates to appeal to a broad cross-section of voters.

Runoff advocates counter that voters first preference is more important than lower preferences because that's where voters are putting the most effort of decision and that, unlike Condorcet methods, runoffs require a high showing among the full field of choices in addition to a strong showing in the final head-to-head competition.

* Slow kinds: Runoff from sustained rainfall or rapid snow melt exceeding the capacity of a river's channel.

Runoff elections were held in February 1993, and the leader of the Hery Velona movement, Albert Zafy, defeated Ratsiraka.

Runoff from agriculture and development, pollution from septic systems and sewers, and other human-related activities increase the flow of both inorganic nutrients and organic substances into ecosystems.

* Runoff system.

* Runoff system.

Nutrient Transport in Surface Runoff from a Subalpine Watershed, Lake Tahoe Basin, California.

* Nationwide Urban Runoff Program ( U. S. research program )