Runoff advocates counter that voters first preference is more important than lower preferences because that's where voters are putting the most effort of decision and that, unlike Condorcet methods, runoffs require a high showing among the full field of choices in addition to a strong showing in the final head-to-head competition.

For example, the politics of Australia are largely two-party ( if the Liberal Party and National Party are considered the same party at a national level due to their long-standing alliance ) for the Australian House of Representatives, which is elected by Instant Runoff Voting, ( known within Australia as preferential voting ).

Runoff containing wild cat faeces and litter from domestic cats flushed down toilets are possible sources of oocysts.

Runoff and groundwater are stored as freshwater in lakes.

Runoff from these glaciers and those on the surrounding volcanoes is a source of fresh water for forty surrounding towns, and Colombian scientists and government officials are concerned about the towns ' water supply should the glaciers melt completely.

Runoff voting methods are less vulnerable to vote splitting compared to plurality voting.

The Borda count can be combined with an Instant Runoff procedure to create hybrid election methods that are called Nanson method and Baldwin method.

These different releases of Runoff typically had had little or no relationship to each other in terms of how formatting commands and arrangement of text was performed except that they all used the convention of separating presentation text from Runoff commands by indicating a command to Runoff by beginning the line with a period.

Runoff elections for legislative seats were held on April 21.

Economic measures such as increased taxes on " the rich and corporations ", " strong regulation " of the financial industry, " regulation and public ownership of utilities ", and increased federal aid to cities and states ; opposition to the Iraq War and other military interventions ; opposition to free trade treaties such as the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ); nuclear disarmament and a reduced military budget ; various civil rights provisions ; campaign finance reform including public financing of campaigns ; and election law reform, including Instant Runoff Voting.

* Runoff ( program ), the type-setting program on the Multics operating system

Other versions of Runoff were developed for various computer systems including Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-11 minicomputer systems running RT-11, RSTS / E, RSX on Digital's PDP-10 and for OpenVMS on VAX minicomputers, as well as Sperry Unisys Univac 90 / 60 mainframe using the EDT text editor under the VS / 9 operating system.

Runoff elections for Chamber of Deputies of Haiti were held on April 21.

Runoff from rainfall is in the form of flash floods which may last from several hours up to two or three days depending on the intensity of rainfall.

Runoff from the Goesan side eventually flows into the Han River, which passes through Seoul to meet the Yellow Sea at Incheon.

In the United States, The lag time in which street sweepers responded can be pinpointed to the Runoff Report of 1998.

Instant Runoff Voting would elect the 2nd-worst choice, because the central candidates would be eliminated early.

Runoff voting involves two rounds of voting.

Runoff voting is also sometimes used as a generic term to describe any system involving a number of rounds of voting, with eliminations after each round.

Runoff voting is used to find the winner.

Variants of Instant Runoff voting can be designed to reflect the same rules as a two-round voting system.

Runoff voting is intended to reduce the potential for eliminating " wasted " votes by tactical voting.

Runoff voting can be influenced by strategic nomination ; this is where candidates and political factions influence the result of an election by either nominating extra candidates or withdrawing a candidate who would otherwise have stood.

Runoff voting encourages candidates to appeal to a broad cross-section of voters.

Runoff voting is designed for single seat constituencies.

Runoff from rainfall can lead to heating via conduction from the surface which the water is flowing over.

His inability to make headway against the de facto two-party system as an independent in that election would later lead him to become an advocate for Instant Runoff Voting, helping to found FairVote in 1992.

* Slow kinds: Runoff from sustained rainfall or rapid snow melt exceeding the capacity of a river's channel.

Runoff elections were held in February 1993, and the leader of the Hery Velona movement, Albert Zafy, defeated Ratsiraka.

Runoff from agriculture and development, pollution from septic systems and sewers, and other human-related activities increase the flow of both inorganic nutrients and organic substances into ecosystems.

Runoff from the western slopes of these mountains provides water to the county's cities and agricultural areas.

* Runoff system.

* Runoff system.

Runoff quickly flooded agricultural areas and much of this water made its way into several subdivisions in Edinburgh.

Nutrient Transport in Surface Runoff from a Subalpine Watershed, Lake Tahoe Basin, California.

Runoff can leach through permeable soils to vulnerable aquifers that tap ground water sources for human consumption.

Runoff of manure can also find its way into surface water such as lakes, streams, and ponds.

* Nationwide Urban Runoff Program ( U. S. research program )

Meanwhile, the leakage, evaporation, sublimation and backstreaming rates continue to produce a constant throughput into the system.

Toxic wastes often contain carcinogens, and exposure to these by some route, such as leakage or evaporation from the storage, causes cancer to appear at increased frequency in exposed individuals.

Note, however, this calculation does not account for losses such as evaporation or leakage.

Sources of water loss singly or together may include evaporation, subsurface seepage and, in places, surface leakage or overflow when the lake level reaches the lowest point on its rim.

The life span of an electrolytic capacitor with high water content in the electrolyte is thus determined not only by the operating temperature and the correspondng gradual evaporation of the electrolyte, but also by the leakage current and a possible forming process of the cathode foil at high ripple current load.

All these factors, namely, the evaporation of electrolytes, the higher leakage current for capacitors with water-based electrolytes and, if it is applied, a high ripple current, will use up fluid electrolytes.