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Runoff voting encourages candidates to appeal to a broad cross-section of voters.
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Runoff and voting
* Runoff voting
Runoff voting involves two rounds of voting.
Runoff voting is also sometimes used as a generic term to describe any system involving a number of rounds of voting, with eliminations after each round.
Runoff voting is used to find the winner.
Variants of Instant Runoff voting can be designed to reflect the same rules as a two-round voting system.
Runoff voting is intended to reduce the potential for eliminating " wasted " votes by tactical voting.
Runoff voting is also vulnerable to another tactic called " push over ".
Runoff voting can be influenced by strategic nomination ; this is where candidates and political factions influence the result of an election by either nominating extra candidates or withdrawing a candidate who would otherwise have stood.
Runoff voting is vulnerable to strategic nomination for the same reasons that it is open to the voting tactic of " compromising ".
Runoff voting is designed for single seat constituencies.
Category: Runoff voting
For example, the politics of Australia are largely two-party ( if the Liberal Party and National Party are considered the same party at a national level due to their long-standing alliance ) for the Australian House of Representatives, which is elected by Instant Runoff Voting, ( known within Australia as preferential voting ).
* Runoff voting or Two-round system, a voting system used to elect a single winner, whereby only two candidates from the first round continue to the second round
Runoff voting methods are less vulnerable to vote splitting compared to plurality voting.
Runoff voting is less vulnerable to vote splitting, yet vote splitting can occur in any round of runoff voting.
Runoff and candidates
Instant Runoff Voting would elect the 2nd-worst choice, because the central candidates would be eliminated early.
Runoff and voters
Runoff advocates counter that voters first preference is more important than lower preferences because that's where voters are putting the most effort of decision and that, unlike Condorcet methods, runoffs require a high showing among the full field of choices in addition to a strong showing in the final head-to-head competition.
Runoff and .
Runoff elections for legislative seats were held on April 21.
Runoff from rainfall can lead to heating via conduction from the surface which the water is flowing over.
His inability to make headway against the de facto two-party system as an independent in that election would later lead him to become an advocate for Instant Runoff Voting, helping to found FairVote in 1992.
* Slow kinds: Runoff from sustained rainfall or rapid snow melt exceeding the capacity of a river's channel.
Runoff elections were held in February 1993, and the leader of the Hery Velona movement, Albert Zafy, defeated Ratsiraka.
Runoff from agriculture and development, pollution from septic systems and sewers, and other human-related activities increase the flow of both inorganic nutrients and organic substances into ecosystems.
Runoff from the western slopes of these mountains provides water to the county's cities and agricultural areas.
Runoff containing wild cat faeces and litter from domestic cats flushed down toilets are possible sources of oocysts.
* Runoff system.
* Runoff system.
Runoff quickly flooded agricultural areas and much of this water made its way into several subdivisions in Edinburgh.
Nutrient Transport in Surface Runoff from a Subalpine Watershed, Lake Tahoe Basin, California.
Runoff can leach through permeable soils to vulnerable aquifers that tap ground water sources for human consumption.
Runoff of manure can also find its way into surface water such as lakes, streams, and ponds.
* Nationwide Urban Runoff Program ( U. S. research program )
voting and encourages
Because it encourages concilliation and negotiation in these ways runoff voting is advocated, in various forms, by some supporters of deliberative democracy.
In practice runoff voting produces results very similar to those produced by the plurality system, and encourages a two party system similar to those found in many countries that use plurality.
* Education: Small community-based public schools and enforce time limits on busing ; realign state budgetary priorities to ensure that all citizens attain an adequate educational level ; provide civic education that encourages active participation in the democratic process beyond voting
MPACUK encourages Muslims to participate in tactical voting against MPs who support policies which it considers not to be in Muslims ' interest.
voting and candidates
" approval voting allows each voter to indicate which candidates he or she supports.
Approval voting ballots show, for each office being contested, a list of the candidates running for that seat.
The voting is conducted at the end of the regular season by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association, and each individual voter ranks their top five candidates on a 10 – 7 – 5 – 3 – 1 points system.
The voting public then elects the Beretitenti from among these candidates.
Elections for the Australian Senate use what is referred to as above-the-line voting where candidates for each party are grouped on the ballot, allowing the voter to vote for the group or for a candidate.
Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation ( PR ) in elections in which multiple candidates are elected ( e. g. elections to parliament ) through preferentially-ranked allocations to an electoral list.
French presidential elections are conducted via run-off voting which ensures that the elected President always obtains a majority: if no candidate receives a majority of votes in the first round of voting, the two highest-scoring candidates arrive at a run-off.
Despite Gorbachev's attempts to discourage Russia's electorate from voting for him, Yeltsin was popularly elected as president, handily defeating five other candidates with more than 57 percent of the vote.
A form of range voting was apparently used in some elections in Ancient Sparta by measuring how loudly the crowd shouted for different candidates ; rough modern-day equivalents include the use of clapometers in some television shows and the judging processes of some athletic competitions.
All candidates should be rated, unlike cumulative voting where voters are not permitted to provide scores for more than some number of candidates.
As with approval voting, range voters must weigh the adverse impact on their favorite candidate of ranking other candidates highly.
However, if no candidate receives the required number of votes ( usually an absolute majority or 40-45 % with a winning margin of 5-15 %), then those candidates having less than a certain proportion of the votes, or all but the two candidates receiving the most votes, are eliminated, and a second round of voting occurs.
In Canada, for example, candidates for party leadership, when there are more than two, use an exhaustive ballot system, often called a run-off voting system.
Under some variants of runoff voting there is no formal rule for eliminating candidates, but, rather, candidates who receive few votes in the first round are expected to withdraw voluntarily.
This is possible because, rather than voting for only a single candidate, the voter ranks all of the candidates in order of preference.
Under the " first past the post " ( plurality ) system voters are encouraged to vote tactically by voting for only one of the two leading candidates, because a vote for any other candidate will not affect the result.
However the tactic of compromising can still be used in runoff voting because it is sometimes necessary to compromise as a way of influencing which two candidates will survive to the second round.
Under runoff voting, between rounds of voting eliminated candidates, and the factions who previously supported them, often issue recommendations to their supporters as to who to vote for in the second round of the contest.
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