Three destroyer divisions attacked the Russian fleet in port, firing a total of 18 torpedoes.

The Russian flagship, the battleship Tsesarevich, which had her nets deployed, had at least four enemy torpedoes " hung up " in them, other warships were similarly saved from further damage by the Russian navy's proper use of torpedo nets.

A form of Chinese art, the Nianhua, depict such torpedoes being used against Russian ships during the Boxer Rebellion, whether they were actually used in battle against them was undocumented and unknown.

During the course of the war the Imperial Russian and Imperial Japanese navies would launch nearly 300 torpedoes at each other, all of them of the " self propelled automotive " type.

Rocket propulsion has been implemented successfully by the Soviet Union for example in the VA-111 Shkval, and has been recently revived in Russian and German torpedoes as it is especially suitable for supercavitating devices.

Some torpedoes, such as the Russian VA-111 Shkval, the Iranian Hoot and the German Unterwasserlaufkörper / Barracuda, use supercavitation to increase their speed to over ; the maximum speed of torpedoes which do not use supercavitation, such as the American Mark 48 and British Spearfish, is well under, although figures are not always supplied.

The first recorded launch of torpedoes from a torpedo boat ( which itself was launched from a torpedo boat tender ) in an actual battle was by Russian admiral Stepan Makarov on January 16, 1878, who used self-propelled Whitehead's torpedoes against a Turkish armed ship Intibah during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78.

During the war the Imperial Russian Navy in addition to their other warships, deployed 86 torpedo boats and launched 27 torpedoes ( from all warships ) in three major campaigns, scoring 5 hits.

Of the 16 torpedoes launched by the TBDs and TBs at the Russian battleship, only 4 hit their mark, two of those hits were from torpedo boats # 72 and # 75.

Russian naval tests with their torpedoes exposed major technological failings.

The other Japanese destroyers were less successful, many of the torpedoes became caught in the extended torpedo nets which effectively preempted most of the torpedoes from striking the vitals of the Russian battleships.

The 53-65 torpedo family are Russian made, wake-homing torpedoes designed to destroy surface ships.

* Site with information about Russian torpedoes

It is now typically fitted to newer Russian vessels, but often the 650 mm torpedo bay is fitted with a 533 mm converter to enable firing of SS-N-15 missiles or Type 53 torpedoes.

The VA-111 Shkval ( from Russian: шквал — squall ) torpedo and its descendants are supercavitating torpedoes developed by the Soviet Union.

Spar torpedoes were also massively used by the Russian forces under vice-admiral Stepan Makarov during the Russo-Turkish War, 1877 – 1878.

Both this and the loss of the Russian Submarine Kursk were due to accidents involving hydrogen peroxide propelled torpedoes.

In July 1944, Russian commando frogmen discovered T-5 torpedoes aboard a sunken German submarine, U-250.

Then people wonder why Russian pupils are more advanced than American students.

In your editorial of Sept. 30 `` The Smoldering Congo '' you make the following comment: `` Far too many states are following the Russian example in refusing to pay their assessments.

) In most sports, as in most walks of life, the angels are on the side of those who begin young, and the Russian competitor of 16 has at least thirteen years of training behind him.

There is a difference in the experimental arrangement, in that the U.S. microphones are attached directly to the vehicle skin while the Russian instruments are isolated from the skin.

Oh-the-pain-of-it, that convention of Russian ballet whereby the girls convey the idea that they are all the daughters of impoverished Grand Dukes driven to the stage out of filial piety, is totally absent from the Kirov.

There are other good representations of peasants and people of the court by actors who are finely costumed and magnificently photographed in this last of the Russian films to reach this country in the program of joint cultural exchange.

The idea that the Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic languages are closely related to each other was allegedly first published in 1730 by Philip Johan von Strahlenberg, a Swedish officer who traveled in the eastern Russian Empire while a prisoner of war after the Great Northern War.

* 2008 – Two skeletal remains found near Ekaterinburg, Russia are confirmed by Russian scientists to be the remains of Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia and one of his sisters.

The five enterprises which passed to 100 percent Russian state ownership are:

* 1377 – Russian troops are defeated in the Battle on Pyana River because of drunkenness.

Since the Ainu are not recognized in the official list of the peoples living in Russia, they are counted as people without nationality or as ethnic Russian or Kamchadal.

In the 1820s, the Russian-American Company, which administered a large portion of the North Pacific during a Russian led expansion of the fur trade, resettled many families to the Commander Islands ( currently, within the Aleutsky District of the Kamchatka Krai in Russia ) and to the Pribilof Islands ( currently in Alaska ), where there are currently established majority Aleut communities.

While English and Russian are the dominant languages used by Aleuts living in the US and Russia respectively, the Aleut language is still spoken by several hundred people.

The MBTs are of Russian type T-72, T-62, and T-55, and AFVs are of Russian type MT-LB, BMP-2, BMP-1, and the BMD-1, and Russian type trucks are the GAZ-66 and the KAMAZ-6560.

Too often in the past Russian tactics have been used to justify like tactics on our part.

) The Russian abacus is often used vertically, with wires from left to right in the manner of a book.

Aircraft with special characteristics that give them unique capabilities will often display those in their demos ; For example, Russian fighters with Thrust vectoring may be used to perform Pugachev's Cobra or the Kulbit, among other difficult manoeuvers that cannot be performed by other aircraft.

The number of k-combinations from a given set S of n elements is often denoted in elementary combinatorics texts by C ( n, k ), or by a variation such as,, or even ( the latter form is standard in French, Russian, and Polish texts ).

Non-English names include Treno suburbano in Italian, Cercanías in Spanish, Rodalies in Catalan, Nahverkehrszug in German ( and in most larger cities S-Bahns though these trains also often include city centre metro-like sections where lines have merged and services become more frequent, and stations are closer together to better distribute passengers into the city core ), Train de banlieue in French, Příměstský vlak in Czech and Elektrichka in Russian.

Many of the coinages that have been considered ( often by Aavik himself ) as words concocted ex nihilo could well have been influenced by foreign lexical items, for example words from Russian, German, French, Finnish, English and Swedish.

There are many movies which are well-remembered and looked upon fondly in the former Soviet republics ; famous lines or jokes from these movies are often quoted and some have even become a part of the Russian language as sayings and idioms.

The former is often thought to reflect degeneration in the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution and the rise of Stalinism ; the latter, life under totalitarian rule.

Many scare stories have originated from various Russian gas masks and their filters that are now common in surplus stores ; the GP-5 was often considered to have an asbestos filter, however like most cold-war masks it only contains activated charcoal.

The word Gulag was not often used in Russian — either officially or colloquially ; the predominant terms were the camps () and the zone (), usually singular — for the labor camp system and for the individual camps.

Hildegard's reincarnation has been debated since 1924 when Austrian mystic Rudolf Steiner lectured that a nun of her description was the past life of Russian poet Vladimir Soloviev, whose Sophianic visions are often compared to Hildegard.

Nevertheless, Ivan is often seen as a farsighted statesman who reformed Russia as he promulgated a new code of laws ( Sudebnik of 1550 ), established the first Russian feudal representative body ( Zemsky Sobor ), curbed the influence of clergy, and introduced the local self-management in rural regions.

Russian Orthodox Church requires all married women to wear headscarves inside the church ; this tradition is often extended to all women, regardless of marital status.

Russian icons are typically paintings on wood, often small, though some in churches and monasteries may be as large as a table top.

Whereas the other Central Asian republics have sometimes complained of Russian interference, Kyrgyzstan has more often wished for more attention and support from Moscow than it has been able to obtain.

In Vienna, Trotsky continuously published articles in radical Russian and Ukrainian newspapers like Kievskaya Mysl under a variety of pseudonyms, often " Antid Oto ".

In his adolescence he used both Leyzer and the Russian equivalent Lazar ( the form Lazarus is often used in English texts ).

While at university, Zamenhof began using the Russian name Lyudovik ( often transcribed Ludovic ; in English the form Ludwig is also used ) in place of Lazar.

* In Russian cursive, as well as in some others based on the Cyrillic script ( for example, Macedonian ), a lowercase Т looks like a lowercase m, and a macron is often used to distinguish it from Ш, which looks like a lowercase w ( see Т ).

Ever since North Korea signed the Armistice Agreement with the United Nations Command, it has maintained relations with China, Moscow ( Soviet Union to 1991, Russian Federation onward ), Pakistan and often limited relations with other nations.

Nasreddin often appears as a whimsical character of a large Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Chinese, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Italian, Judeo-Spanish, Kurdish, Pashto, Persian, Romanian, Serbian, Russian, Turkish and Urdu folk tradition of vignettes, not entirely different from zen koans.

In addition, different patterns often develop distinctively in different languages, so that, for example, iambic tetrameter in Russian will generally reflect a regularity in the use of accents to reinforce the meter, which does not occur, or occurs to a much lesser extent, in English.

If a pectoral cross has been awarded it is usually worn with street clothes in the Russian tradition, but not so often in the Greek tradition.

From north to south, the country ranges from the northern tip of the Russian Arctic islands at Franz Josef Land to the southern tip of the Republic of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea, spanning about of extremely varied, often inhospitable terrain.

As a result, many auxiliary SS members, in particular those captured by Russian forces, faced swift and fierce retaliation and were often held personally responsible for the carnage of the camps to which some had only been assigned for a few weeks or even days.