Among well known ( generally non-kabbalist or anti-kabbalist ) Rabbis who rejected the idea of reincarnation are Saadia Gaon, David Kimhi, Hasdai Crescas, Yedayah Bedershi ( early 14th century ), Joseph Albo, Abraham ibn Daud, the Rosh and Leon de Modena.

Saadia Gaon, in Emunoth ve-Deoth ( Hebrew: " beliefs and opinions ") concludes Section VI with a refutation of the doctrine of metempsychosis ( reincarnation ).

While refuting reincarnation, the Saadia Gaon further states that Jews who hold to reincarnation have adopted non-Jewish beliefs.

Saadia Gaon, who translated it into Arabic in the 9th century, ascribed it to the Maccabees themselves, disputed by some, since it gives dates as so many years before the destruction of the second temple in 70 CE.

( Some claim this section draws heavily on Aristotelian science and metaphysics ; others suggest that it is within the tradition of Saadia Gaon.

Major Jewish philosophers include Solomon ibn Gabirol, Saadia Gaon, Judah Halevi, Maimonides, and Gersonides.

Saʻadiah ben Yosef Gaon ( Saadia Gaon ) identifies the definitive trait of " a cock girded about the loins " within Proverbs 30: 31 ( Douay – Rheims Bible ) as " the honesty of their behavior and their success ", identifying a spiritual purpose of a religious vessel within that religious and spiritual instilling schema of purpose and use, within Judeo-Christian traditions.

Half a century later Rav Saadia Gaon, also of Sura, composed a siddur, in which the rubrical matter is in Arabic.

The most important writers are Yose ben Yoseh, probably in the 6th century, chiefly known for his compositions for Yom Kippur ; Eleazar Kalir, the founder of the payyetanic style, perhaps in the 7th century ; Saadia Gaon ; and the Spanish school, consisting of Joseph ibn Abitur ( died in 970 ), ibn Gabirol, Isaac Gayyath, Moses ibn Ezra, Abraham ibn Ezra and Judah ha-Levi, Moses ben Nahman ( Nahmanides ) and Isaac Luria.

In Yemen, however, rather than abandoning the Aramaic targum during the public reading of the Torah, it was supplemented by a third version, namely the translation of the Torah into Arabic by Saadia Gaon ( called the Tafsir, though this Gaon was born in prominently Jewish at the time Sura Iraq, Babylon, moved to Egypt, arguably lead those two communities, and died in Jaffa ancestral Israel, he was not known to have ever been to the Jewish villages of Yemen.

Philoponus ' arguments against an infinite past were used by the early Muslim philosopher, Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ); the Jewish philosopher, Saadia Gaon ( Saadia ben Joseph ); and the Muslim theologian, Al-Ghazali ( Algazel ).

* Saadia Gaon, Egyptian-born rabbi

* Saadia Gaon compiles his siddur ( Jewish prayer book ) in Iraq.

Saʻadiah ben Yosef Gaon ( Saadia Gaon ) identified the definitive trait of " a cock girded about the loins " within Proverbs 30: 31 ( Douay – Rheims Bible ) as " the honesty of their behavior and their success ", identifying a spiritual purpose of a religious vessel within that religious and spiritual instilling schema of purpose and use.

* 9th-12th centuries — Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Saadia Gaon ( Saadia ben Joseph ) and Al-Ghazali ( Algazel ) support a universe that has a finite past and develop two logical arguments against the notion of an infinite past, one of which is later adopted by Immanuel Kant

Despite the rivalry of ben Naphtali and the opposition of Saadia Gaon, the most eminent representative of the Babylonian school of criticism, ben Asher's codex became recognized as the standard text of the Bible.

* Sefat Yeter, in defense of Saadia Gaon against Dunash ben Labrat, whose criticism of Saadia, Ibn Ezra had brought with him from Egypt ; published by Bislichs 1838 and Lippmann 1843.

; 940: In Iraq, Saadia Gaon compiles his siddur ( Jewish prayer book ).

The oldest Jewish religio-philosophical work preserved in Arabic is that of Saadia Gaon ( 892-942 ), Emunot ve-Deot, " The Book of Beliefs and Opinions ".

Like Ghazali, Judah endeavored to liberate religion from the bondage of the various philosophical systems in which it had been held by his predecessors, Saadia, David ben Marwan al-Mekamez, Gabirol, and Bahya.

Judah rejects entirely the doctrine of essential attributes which had been propounded by Saadia Gaon and Bahya ibn Paquda.

Saadia had David's brother Josiah ( Al-Hasan ) elected anti-exilarch in 930, but the latter was defeated and banished to Chorasan.

It was known that Saadia Gaon had written against the Karaites.

Yefet reproaches Saadia with being unfaithful to the principles he himself had laid down for the interpretation of the Law, according to which no deductions by analogy are admissible in definite revealed precepts.

15 ) declares that the Biblical patriarch Abraham was the recipient of the divine revelation of mystic lore ; so that the rabbis of the classical rabbinic era, and philosophers as Saadia, Donnolo, and Judah HaLevi never doubted that Abraham was the author of the book.

The Siddur ( prayerbook ) of Saadia Gaon is the earliest surviving attempt to transcribe the weekly ritual of Jewish prayers for week-days, Sabbaths, and festivals ( apart from the prayer book of Amram Gaon, of which there is no authoritative text ).

It is part of a prayer book compiled by Saadia Gaon.

An important later Yemenite authority was Rabbi Yiḥyah Qafiḥ's grandson, Rabbi Yosef Qafiḥ, who edited many important works by Maimonides and Saadia Gaon as well as issuing two new editions of the Baladi prayer book.

Dunash also wrote a book containing two hundred reservations about the teachings of his old mentor, Saadia Gaon.

In his " Moznayim " ( Preface ) Abraham ibn Ezra mentions him between Saadia Gaon and Judah ibn Ḳuraish, and speaks of him as the author of a book " compounded of Hebrew and Arabic.

This liturgy was compiled in book form as " the siddur " by rabbis including Amram Gaon and Saadia Gaon.

Saadia Gaon's " Emunot ve-Deot " is an exposition of the main tenets of Judaism.

The oldest Jewish religio-philosophical work preserved is that of Saadia Gaon ( 892-942 ), Emunot ve-Deot, " The Book of Beliefs and Opinions ".

*( 1 ) Nothing creates itself, since the act of creating necessitates its existence ( see also Saadia, " Emunot ," i. 2 )

Some fragments of other books are inserted ( as § 33, Isaac Alfasi's Halakot ; § 36, Saadia Gaon's Emunot we-De ' ot ; § 431, Yerushalmi Berakhot ; §§ 30-32, R. Nissim's Megillat Setarim ).

The Biblical references to reward and punishment can be applied only to the body ( Saadia, " Emunot we ha-De ' ot ," vi.

* Saadia Kobashi-Leader of Yemenite Jews in Israel and one of the signatories to Israel's declaration of independence.

It also has forced scholars to re-evaluate the relationship between Rabbanite Jews and Karaite Jews in the 10th century despite the writings of Saadia Gaon.

Lacking the philosophic training common among the Spanish Jews – although he was acquainted with Ibn Ezra, Saadia, some of the Karaites, and perhaps Maimonides – Judah did not reduce his mystic-theosophical theories to a system, and they are therefore difficult to survey.

However in a similar vein to other giants of the Jewish faith, such as Saadia, Maimonides and the Vilna Gaon, he followed the extremely old Jewish law ( believed to have begun in Babylon ) of dying or at least being buried as close to Jerusalem as possible, ( Maimonides died in the Galilee, not making Jerusalem itself in his old age, all Jews pray facing Jerusalem in life, similar to Islamic law praying toward Mecca ).

Other signatories added their own touches, including Saadia Kobashi who added the phrase " HaLevy ", referring to the tribe of Levi.

Here Saadia controverts the Mutakallamin, who considered the soul an " accident " arad ( compare Guide for the Perplexed i. 74 ), and employs the following one of their premises to justify his position: " Only a substance can be the substratum of an accident " ( that is, of a non-essential property of things ).

Here Saadia controverts the Mutakallamin, who considered the soul an " accident " arad ( compare Guide for the Perplexed i. 74 ), and employs the following one of their premises to justify his position: " Only a substance can be the substratum of an accident " ( that is, of a non-essential property of things ).

Men were sunken in the sea of doubt and overwhelmed by the waves of spiritual error, and there was none to help them ; so that Saadia felt himself called and duty bound to save them from their peril by strengthening the faithful in their belief and by removing the fears of those who were in doubt.

Tradition regarding the location of Caphtor was preserved in the Aramaic Targums and the commentary of Maimonides which place it at Caphutkia in the vicinity of Damietta ( at the eastern edge of the Nile delta near classical Pelusium ) and by the tenth century commentator Saadia Gaon and Benjamin of Tudela, the twelfth-century Jewish traveller from Navarre, who both wrote that Damietta was Caphtor.

They support their rejection with writings of Saadia Gaon ( 892-942 ) who dismissed reincarnation as an unauthentic Jewish belief.

This was the program of Jewish rationalist philosophers such as Saadia Gaon, Maimonides ( who was influenced by Ibn Sina aka Avicenna ), and Gersonides ( who was influenced by Ibn Roshd, aka Averroes ).

It lies in the vicinity of Fayyum, the hometown of the Jewish commentator Saadia Gaon who identified Nachal Mitzrayim with the wadi of El-Arish.

The most notable author among the Geonim was Saadia Gaon, who wrote Biblical commentaries and many other works: he is best known for the philosophical work Emunoth ve-Deoth.

Among well known Rabbis who rejected the idea of reincarnation are Saadia Gaon, David Kimhi, Hasdai Crescas, Yedayah Bedershi ( early 14th century ), Joseph Albo, Abraham ibn Daud and Leon de Modena.

Here Saadia contradicts the Motekallamin, who considered the soul an " accident " ( compare " Moreh ," i. 74 ), and employs the following one of their premises to justify his position: " Only a substance can be the substratum of an accident " ( that is, of a non-essential property of things ).

Saadia Marciano, one of the movement's founders, chose the name " Black Panthers " in 1971 when Angela Davis, one of the African American Black Panthers, came to visit Israel where she met with Marciano, who then adopted the name.