* Obituary of Black Panther founder Saadia Marciano

* 9th-12th centuries — Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Saadia Gaon ( Saadia ben Joseph ) and Al-Ghazali ( Algazel ) support a universe that has a finite past and develop two logical arguments against the notion of an infinite past, one of which is later adopted by Immanuel Kant

Later Arabic translations also appeared ; one featured a further Samaritan revision of Saadia Gaon's translation to bring it into greater conformity with the Samaritan Pentateuch and others were based upon Arabic Pentateuchal translations used by Christians.

Here Saadia controverts the Mutakallamin, who considered the soul an " accident " arad ( compare Guide for the Perplexed i. 74 ), and employs the following one of their premises to justify his position: " Only a substance can be the substratum of an accident " ( that is, of a non-essential property of things ).

Here Saadia controverts the Mutakallamin, who considered the soul an " accident " arad ( compare Guide for the Perplexed i. 74 ), and employs the following one of their premises to justify his position: " Only a substance can be the substratum of an accident " ( that is, of a non-essential property of things ).

On the one hand, he fully recognizes the merits of Saadia Gaon, although he does not adopt his views on the freedom of the will, notwithstanding that the solution of this problem was to be the chief aim and purpose of his whole system (" Emunah Ramah ," p. 98 ; German trans., p. 125 ).

* Saadia Kobashi-Leader of Yemenite Jews in Israel and one of the signatories to Israel's declaration of independence.

From at least the time of Saadia Gaon ( 10th century ), it has been customary to study one chapter a week on each Shabbat between Passover and Shavuot ; today, the tractate is generally studied on each Shabbat of the summer, from Passover to Rosh Hashanah, the entire cycle repeating a few times with doubling of chapters at the end if there are not a perfect multiple of six weeks.

But the most important work of Amram, which marks him as one of the most prominent of the geonim before Saadia, is his " Prayer-book ," the so-called " Siddur Rab Amram.

Here Saadia contradicts the Motekallamin, who considered the soul an " accident " ( compare " Moreh ," i. 74 ), and employs the following one of their premises to justify his position: " Only a substance can be the substratum of an accident " ( that is, of a non-essential property of things ).

Ironically, some dispute his authorship of the commentary on Isaiah and instead regard it as the work of Saadia Gaon, one of the greatest opponents of Karaism.

According to one legend, his first wife was Hannah, the daughter of a certain Moses Saadia.

Saadia Gaon, David ben Merwan al-Mukkamas, Maimonides, and Thomas Aquinas, to name a few, knew of at least some of the Mutazilite work, particularly Avicennism and Averroism, and the Renaissance and the use of empirical methods were inspired at least in part by Arabic translations of Greek, Jewish, Persian and Egyptian works translated into Latin during the Renaissance of the 12th century, and taken during the Reconquista in 1492.

Not much is known regarding Bostanai's successors down to the time of Saadia except their names ; even the name of Bostanai's son is not known.

Judah left a son ( whose name is not mentioned ) twelve years of age, whom Saadia took into his house and educated.

Saadia is a Jewish and Arabic name.

The sculptues were created by Costas Dikefalos, Thodoros Papayiannis, Yiorgos Tsaras, Vassilis Vassili, Christos Riganas, Kyriakos Rokos, Manolis Tsombanakis and Yiorgos Houliaras from Greece, Kyriakos Kallis, Nikos Kouroussis, Helene Black and Maria Kyprianou from Cyprus, Saadia Bahat from Israel, Victor Bonato from Germany and Ahmet El-Stoahy from Egypt.

* Saadia Marciano-Israeli social activist, politician, and founder of the Black Panthers.

The author refers, however, to the correspondence which was carried on when he was about twenty years of age between his teacher, Isaac Israeli ben Solomon, and Saadia, before the latter's arrival in Babylonia, consequently before 928 ; hence Tamim was born about the beginning of the tenth century.

Three of the hundreds of mourners at the burial were arrested with administrative arrest orders, including " New Kach " leader Efraim Hershkovits, American citizen Saadia Herskof, and former Kach activist Tiran Pollack's son Gilad.

In Yemen, however, rather than abandoning the Aramaic targum during the public reading of the Torah, it was supplemented by a third version, namely the translation of the Torah into Arabic by Saadia Gaon ( called the Tafsir, though this Gaon was born in prominently Jewish at the time Sura Iraq, Babylon, moved to Egypt, arguably lead those two communities, and died in Jaffa ancestral Israel, he was not known to have ever been to the Jewish villages of Yemen.

Saadia Gaon, in Emunoth ve-Deoth ( Hebrew: " beliefs and opinions ") concludes Section VI with a refutation of the doctrine of metempsychosis ( reincarnation ).

* Sefat Yeter, in defense of Saadia Gaon against Dunash ben Labrat, whose criticism of Saadia, Ibn Ezra had brought with him from Egypt ; published by Bislichs 1838 and Lippmann 1843.

Rabbi Yosef Qafiḥ, for example, published the ancient mystical text Sefer Yetzirah together with his translation of Saadia Gaon's commentary.

They support their rejection with writings of Saadia Gaon ( 892-942 ) who dismissed reincarnation as an unauthentic Jewish belief.

It lies in the vicinity of Fayyum, the hometown of the Jewish commentator Saadia Gaon who identified Nachal Mitzrayim with the wadi of El-Arish.

) In his youth he travelled to Bagdad to study with Saadia Gaon.

The interest which his commentaries present lies chiefly in the accumulation of material for the history of the differences between traditional Judaism and the Karaites ; for he enters into lengthy disputes with traditional rabbis, especially with Saadia, from whose commentaries on the Bible and polemical works, including some no longer in existence, he gives many extracts.

3 he discusses with Saadia the kindling of a fire by a non-Jew on Sabbath, a practise which the Karaites considered to be forbidden.

Yefet reproaches Saadia with being unfaithful to the principles he himself had laid down for the interpretation of the Law, according to which no deductions by analogy are admissible in definite revealed precepts.

Lacking the philosophic training common among the Spanish Jews – although he was acquainted with Ibn Ezra, Saadia, some of the Karaites, and perhaps Maimonides – Judah did not reduce his mystic-theosophical theories to a system, and they are therefore difficult to survey.

Among the Geonim, Hai Gaon argued with Saadia Gaon in favour of gilgulim.

Hasdai sent rich presents to the yeshiva of Sura and that of Pumbedita, and corresponded with Dosa, the son of Saadia Gaon.

Saadia Gaon, in his Book of Beliefs and Opinions ( אמונות ודעות ) grapples with the following conundrum: throughout the Tanakh, Prophets constantly describe their visions of the divine realm.

The torat hakavod ( Hebrew תורת הכבוד ) of the Hassidei Ashkenaz imitated the instruction of glory of Saadia with a fundamental difference.

He collaborated with his father in the great edition of Saadia and the edition of Abu al-Walid, and also produced a number of important editions of other Arabic writers.

The authorities quoted in this work are Hermes ( identified by Ibn Ezra with Enoch ), Pythagoras, Socrates, Aristotle, Plato, ( pseudo -) Empedocles, Alfarabi, Saadia Gaon, and Solomon ibn Gabirol.

Tradition preserved by Saadia Gaon placed the land of the Casluhim in the northern Sa ' id region ( not to be confused with Port Said ).

Among well known ( generally non-kabbalist or anti-kabbalist ) Rabbis who rejected the idea of reincarnation are Saadia Gaon, David Kimhi, Hasdai Crescas, Yedayah Bedershi ( early 14th century ), Joseph Albo, Abraham ibn Daud, the Rosh and Leon de Modena.

While refuting reincarnation, the Saadia Gaon further states that Jews who hold to reincarnation have adopted non-Jewish beliefs.

Saadia Gaon, who translated it into Arabic in the 9th century, ascribed it to the Maccabees themselves, disputed by some, since it gives dates as so many years before the destruction of the second temple in 70 CE.

Other signatories added their own touches, including Saadia Kobashi who added the phrase " HaLevy ", referring to the tribe of Levi.

Saadia Gaon had taught in his book Emunot v ' Deot that Jews who believe in gilgul have adopted a non-Jewish belief.

Men were sunken in the sea of doubt and overwhelmed by the waves of spiritual error, and there was none to help them ; so that Saadia felt himself called and duty bound to save them from their peril by strengthening the faithful in their belief and by removing the fears of those who were in doubt.

Tradition regarding the location of Caphtor was preserved in the Aramaic Targums and the commentary of Maimonides which place it at Caphutkia in the vicinity of Damietta ( at the eastern edge of the Nile delta near classical Pelusium ) and by the tenth century commentator Saadia Gaon and Benjamin of Tudela, the twelfth-century Jewish traveller from Navarre, who both wrote that Damietta was Caphtor.

An important later Yemenite authority was Rabbi Yiḥyah Qafiḥ's grandson, Rabbi Yosef Qafiḥ, who edited many important works by Maimonides and Saadia Gaon as well as issuing two new editions of the Baladi prayer book.

This was the program of Jewish rationalist philosophers such as Saadia Gaon, Maimonides ( who was influenced by Ibn Sina aka Avicenna ), and Gersonides ( who was influenced by Ibn Roshd, aka Averroes ).

The most notable author among the Geonim was Saadia Gaon, who wrote Biblical commentaries and many other works: he is best known for the philosophical work Emunoth ve-Deoth.

Among well known Rabbis who rejected the idea of reincarnation are Saadia Gaon, David Kimhi, Hasdai Crescas, Yedayah Bedershi ( early 14th century ), Joseph Albo, Abraham ibn Daud and Leon de Modena.