Saltpetre was known to the Chinese by the mid-1st century AD and there is strong evidence of the use of saltpetre and sulfur in various largely medicine combinations.

A site on the bluffs just north of Fults, overlooking the Bottoms is known as Saltpetre Cave and took its name from the quantities of bat guano mined there for potassium nitrate which was used in the local manufacture of black powder by the French at Fort de Chartres and later inhabitants.

The 1874 Ordnance Survey map of the area shows the following factories, in order, from the site of the as yet unbuilt Wandsworth Bridge to Battersea Park: Starch manufacturer ; Silk manufacturer ; ( St. John's College ); ( St. Mary's Church ); Malt house ; Corn mill ; Oil and grease works ( Prices Candles ); Chemical works ; Plumbago Crucible works ( later the Morgan Crucible Company ); Chemical works ; Saltpetre works ; Foundry.

Saltpetre is optional and can be added as an extra preservative ( necessary only for wet biltong that is not going to be frozen ).

The cave scenes were filmed in the Great Saltpetre Cave.

The cave conservancy movement spread to other parts of the country in the 1980s with the addition of Pennsylvania Cave Conservancy ( PCC ), 1983 ; Michigan Karst Conservancy ( MKC ), 1983 ; New Jersey Cave Conservancy ( NJCC ), 1984 ; Indiana Karst Conservancy ( IKC ), 1985 ; Texas Cave Management Association ( TCMA ), 1985 ; Ellis Cave Conservancy ( ECC ), 1985 ; and Greater Cincinnati Grotto-Great Saltpetre Preserve ( GSP ), 1989.

Minerals found around the city are Kankar and Saltpetre.

For example, on Saint Lucia, harvesting mangrove for timber and clearing for fishing reduced the mangrove forests, resulting in a loss of habitat and spawning grounds for marine life that was unique to the area.

The harvesting of sea turtles to resupply passing sailing ships was the first major economic activity on the islands, but local stocks were depleted by the 1790s.

Dominica was officially neutral for the next century, but the attraction of its resources remained ; rival expeditions of English and French foresters were harvesting timber by the start of the 18th century.

Before the beginning of the 20th century, pearl hunting was the most common way of harvesting pearls.

In 1909, a walrus hide weighing was collected from an enormous bull in Franz Josef Land, while in August 1910, Jack Woodson shot a long walrus, harvesting its hide.

Cotton plantations required vast labor forces to hand-pick cotton, and it was not until the 1950s that reliable harvesting machinery was introduced into the South ( prior to this, cotton-harvesting machinery had been too clumsy to pick cotton without shredding the fibers ).

Starting with the 1970s, the focus was on harvesting the grapes at more advance degrees of ripeness and at higher Brix levels.

In sub-Saharan Africa irrigation reached the Niger River region cultures and civilizations by the first or second millennium BCE and was based on wet season flooding and water harvesting.

Though there was a division of labor between men and women, they also cooperated in carrying out many tasks, such as harvesting apples, food production, laundry, and gathering firewood.

Through the ages, the seasonal harvesting of snow and ice was a regular practice of most of the ancient cultures: Chinese, Greeks, Romans, Persians.

Since mango leaves are nutritionally inadequate for cattle, the practice of harvesting Indian Yellow was eventually declared to be inhumane.

There was also an " office of the future ," a climate-controlled " farm factory ," an automated offshore kelp and plankton harvesting farm, a vision of the schools of the future with " electronic storehouses of knowledge ," and a vision of the many recreations that technology would free humans to pursue.

In March 2006 the Falun Gong-affiliated Epoch Times published a number of articles alleging that the China was conducting widespread and systematic organ harvesting of living Falun Gong practitioners.

All around the coast, the harvesting of fish ( including cod, herring, halibut, and other cold water species ) was an important supplement to farming and was in many areas in the north and west the primary household subsistence.

Cultivation and harvesting of crocus was first documented in the Mediterranean, notably on the island of Crete.

The Oosterschelde was originally to be dammed and turned into a fresh water lake, leading to the loss of the saltwater ecosystem and, consequently, the harvesting of oysters.

The return of Cato seems to have accelerated the enmity of Scipio Africanus, who was Consul, 194 BC and is said to have desired the command of the province in which Cato was harvesting notoriety.

Carpo ( Καρπώ ), Carpho or Xarpo was the one who brings food-though Robert Graves in The Greek Myths ( 1955 ) translates this name as " withering ") was in charge of autumn, ripening, and harvesting, as well as guarding the way to Mount Olympus and letting back the clouds surrounding the mountain if one of the gods left.

The north fountain was devoted to the Rivers, with allegorical figures representing the Rhone and the Rhine, the arts of the harvesting of flowers and fruits, harvesting and grape growing ; and the geniuses of river navigation, industry, and agriculture.

Magetha ma Mwere season of harvesting millet Further, time was recorded through the initiation.

Perlemoen-diving has been a recreational activity for many years, but stocks are currently being threatened by illegal commercial harvesting.

For the last few years, however, no permits have been issued for collecting abalone ( perlemoen ), but commercial harvesting still continues as does illegal collection by syndicates.

Chile ’ s extreme north-south orientation produces 7 different macro-regions distinguished by climate and geographical features, which allows the country itself to stagger harvests and results in extended harvesting seasons.

In Australia, organic β-carotene is produced by Aquacarotene Limited from dried marine algae Dunaliella salina grown in harvesting ponds situated in Karratha, Western Australia.

Sheol ), where criminals are punished by the regrowth and harvesting of their organs for transplanting

In addition to traditional agricultural practice, wildlife conservation is challenged by the illicit harvesting of protected forests, as well as the state-sanctioned harvesting of precious woods within national parks.

Degradation is caused by harvesting firewood, and to a lesser extent wood for traditional architecture.

Trees are also severely damaged by intensive harvesting of leaves as fodder, especially in the driest months preceding the summer monsoon.

The economy is dominated by the Edenists, who maintain a powerful monopoly across the Confederation by harvesting He < sub > 3 </ sub > (" helium 3 ") from suitable gas giants.

It erases wheel tracks and ruts caused by harvesting equipment.

# Bone marrow, which requires extraction by harvesting, that is, drilling into bone ( typically the femur or iliac crest ),

The slaves were captured in southern Russia, Poland-Lithuania, Moldavia, Wallachia, and Circassia by Tatar horsemen in a trade known as the " harvesting of the steppe ".

Tea plants are propagated from seed or by cutting ; it takes about four to 12 years for a tea plant to bear seed, and about three years before a new plant is ready for harvesting.

* Gas vesicles are used by Archaea, bacteria and planktonic microorganisms, possibly to control vertical migration by regulating the gas content and thereby buoyancy, or possibly to position the cell for maximum solar light harvesting.

It is defined by the FAO as including recreational, subsistence and commercial fishing, and the harvesting, processing, and marketing sectors.

Spikelets of a hulled wheat, einkorn Cultivation and repeated harvesting and sowing of the grains of wild grasses led to the creation of domestic strains, as mutant forms (' sports ') of wheat were preferentially chosen by farmers.

In domesticated wheat, grains are larger, and the seeds ( inside the spikelets ) remain attached to the ear by a toughened rachis during harvesting.

In these low rainfall areas, better use of available soil-water ( and better control of soil erosion ) is achieved by retaining the stubble after harvesting and by minimizing tillage.