The next year, Phage Φ-X174, with only 5386 base pairs, became the first DNA-genome project to be completed, by Fred Sanger.

In 1980, Frederick Sanger won his second Nobel Prize in Chemistry and became the fourth person to win two Nobel Prizes.

In 1921, Sanger founded the American Birth Control League, which later became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.

Some countries in northwestern Europe had more liberal policies towards contraception than the United States at the time, and when Sanger visited a Dutch birth control clinic in 1915, she learned about diaphragms and became convinced that they were a more effective means of contraception than the suppositories and douches that she had been distributing back in the United States.

Sanger became a center for shipping grain, citrus and lumber from the nearby mountains.

In total, the track was almost a half an hour long and it included both the in-game music, composed by already leading video game musician George " The Fat Man " Sanger, and two live music recordings: " The Game ", whose melody in various permutations and stylistic variations became the background music for most of the game ( as well as the theme for a piano puzzle ) and whose lyrics were based on Stauf's twisted plot, and " Skeletons in My Closet ", a jazzy tune with a female lead voice ( Kris McKay ) which was the ending-credits theme.

Sanger founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which in 1942 became part of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.

Following Sanger, Alan Frank Guttmacher became president of Planned Parenthood and served from 1962 till 1974.

Following his service he became a prominent attorney in Portland, Oregon, where he often defended labor unions and " radicals " including birth control activist Margaret Sanger.

After Reeve ’ s death in 1875, Sanger became the sole proprietor of the Hall and the land behind it.

The chain-termination method developed by Frederick Sanger and coworkers in 1977 soon became the method of choice, owing to its relative ease and reliability. The chain-terminator method uses fewer toxic chemicals and lower amounts of radioactivity than the Maxam and Gilbert method.

May became aware of population issues in childhood, when she was introduced to Margaret Sanger by her grandmother.

Sanger also wanted to publish a book that directly described contraceptive options ( in contrast to the articles in The Woman Rebel which only indirectly discussed contraception ), so she gathered information, much of it from Europe, and published the pamphlet Family Limitation, in direct violation of the Comstock Law.

Diaphragms were generally unavailable in the United States, so Sanger and others began importing them from Europe, in defiance of United States law.

Sanger published the Birth Control Review from 1917 to 1929.

After World War I, Sanger shifted away from radical politics, and she founded the American Birth Control League ( ABCL ) in 1921 to enlarge her base of supporters to include the middle class.

After Sanger discovered that physicians were exempt from the law that prohibited the distribution of contraceptive information to women — provided it was prescribed for medical reasons — she established the Clinical Research Bureau ( CRB ) in 1923 to exploit this loophole.

In 1979, Gilbert was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University together with Frederick Sanger.

During the early 20th century, prominent feminist and birth control advocate Margaret Sanger argued that abstinence from sexual activity led to greater endurance and strength, and was a sign of the best of the species:

Recent studies use " shotgun " Sanger sequencing or massively parallel pyrosequencing to get largely unbiased samples of all genes from all the members of the sampled communities.

Sanger ( Raymond ) was the county seat from 1885 to 1902, when the title went to Center.

The racial makeup of Sanger was 14, 454 ( 59. 6 %) White, 219 ( 0. 9 %) African American, 311 ( 1. 3 %) Native American, 758 ( 3. 1 %) Asian, 39 ( 0. 2 %) Pacific Islander, 7, 645 ( 31. 5 %) from other races, and 844 ( 3. 5 %) from two or more races.

In 1951, Margaret Sanger met Pincus at a dinner hosted by Abraham Stone, director of the Margaret Sanger Research Bureau and medical director and vice president of Planned Parenthood Federation of America ( PPFA ), and procured a small grant from PPFA for Pincus to begin hormonal contraceptive research.

Frustrated by PPFA's meager interest and support, in 1953 McCormick and Sanger met with Pincus to dramatically expand the scope of the research with 50-fold increase in funding from McCormick.

Built in 1890 by the Kings River Lumber Company, it spanned over from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the lumber yard and railroad depot in Sanger.

In 1932, Sanger arranged for a shipment of diaphragms to be mailed from Japan to a sympathetic doctor in New York City.

) There was also delinquent-turned-bodyguard / assistant Mark Sanger ( Don Mitchell ), who also opted to become a police officer and subsequently graduated from law school ( night classes were mentioned from early on ) and even married late in the run of the series.

A few years later, Sanger independently released an album titled 7 / 11, which was a little over an hour long and contained all the music from T7G ( this time, on separate tracks ) as well as its sequel, The 11th Hour.

Personal tragedy intervened when the Sanger's five-year-old daughter died suddenly from pneumonia ; public sentiments resulted in dismissal of the charges against Margaret Sanger.

Rather than backing away from controversy, Sanger and her sister Ethel Byrne, also a nurse, opened the first birth control clinic in the United States on October 16, 1916, modeled after those Sanger had seen in Holland.

This new sequencing methods generated reads much shorter than from Sanger sequencing: initially about 100 bases, now 400-500 bases.

In 1916, Sanger opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, which led to her arrest for distributing information on contraception.

Sanger was the sixth of eleven children, and spent much of her youth assisting with household chores and caring for her younger siblings.

Toward the end of the century, the mother of one of her Claverack friends arranged for Sanger to enroll in a nursing program at a hospital in White Plains, an affluent New York City suburb.

These problems were epitomized in a story that Sanger would later recount in her speeches: while Sanger was working as a nurse, she was called to Sadie Sachs ' apartment after Sachs had become extremely ill due to a self-induced abortion.

" Although Sadie Sachs was possibly a fictional composite of several women Sanger had known, this story marks the time when Sanger began to devote her life to help desperate women before they were driven to pursue dangerous and illegal abortions.

Sanger, collaborating with anarchist friends, coined the term " birth control " as a more candid alternative to euphemisms such as " family limitation " and proclaimed that each woman should be " the absolute mistress of her own body.

Sanger's ally Upton Sinclair wrote an open letter of support for Sanger and her husband in The Masses and during her absence, a groundswell of support grew in the United States, and Margaret returned to the United States in October 1915.

In 1952, Sanger told her friend Katharine McCormick about Pincus and Chang's research.

Many socialist activists attacked Rockefeller for ordering the massacre at Ludlow, including Margaret Sanger, who wrote an attack on Rockefeller and his family in her magazine The Woman Rebel where she referred to Rockefeller and his family as " leering, bloody hyenas of the human race who smear themselves with the stinking honey of Charity to attract those foul flies of religion who spread pollution throughout the land.

In 1924, at the instigation of his wife, he provided crucial funding for Margaret Sanger ( who ironically had previously been an opponent of his because of his mistreatment of workers ) in her work on birth control and involvement in population issues.

In a 1932 article published in The Nation, Margaret Sanger gave her personal reaction to the encyclical, saying that it was an obstacle to general approval of the birth-control movement by political leaders unwilling to oppose the leadership of the Church.

Sanger remained exiled in Europe until late 1915 ; William Sanger had been arrested and jailed for distributing one copy of " Family Limitation ", and Margaret Sanger returned to face the charges against her.

The origins of Planned Parenthood date to 1916 when Margaret Sanger, her sister and a friend opened the first birth control clinic in the U. S. in Brooklyn, New York.

Sanger, in her campaign to promote birth control, teamed with eugenics organizations such as the American Eugenics Society, although she argued against many of their positions.

Planned Parenthood has responded to this effort directly in a leaflet acknowledging that Sanger agreed with some of her contemporaries who advocated the voluntary hospitalization or sterilization of people with untreatable, disabling, hereditary conditions, and limits on the immigration of the diseased.